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Causal confusion is a phenomenon where an agent learns a policy that reflects imperfect spurious correlations in the data. Such a policy may falsely appear to be optimal during training if most of the training data contain such spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Gunshi Gupta , Tim G. J. Rudner , Rowan Thomas McAllister , Adrien Gaidon , Yarin Gal

Autonomous operations of robots in unknown environments are challenging due to the lack of knowledge of the dynamics of the interactions, such as the objects' movability. This work introduces a novel Causal Reinforcement Learning approach…

Offline meta-reinforcement learning aims to equip agents with the ability to rapidly adapt to new tasks by training on data from a set of different tasks. Context-based approaches utilize a history of state-action-reward transitions --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Mohammadreza Nakhaei , Aidan Scannell , Joni Pajarinen

Causal representation learning (CRL) models aim to transform high-dimensional data into a latent space, enabling interventions to generate counterfactual samples or modify existing data based on the causal relationships among latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Alireza Sadeghi , Wael AbdAlmageed

Meta-learning enables rapid generalization to new tasks by learning knowledge from various tasks. It is intuitively assumed that as the training progresses, a model will acquire richer knowledge, leading to better generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jingyao Wang , Yi Ren , Zeen Song , Jianqi Zhang , Changwen Zheng , Wenwen Qiang

Conventional representation learning methods learn a universal representation that primarily captures dominant semantics, which may not always align with customized downstream tasks. For instance, in animal habitat analysis, researchers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Honglin Liu , Chao Sun , Peng Hu , Yunfan Li , Xi Peng

A prevailing approach for learning visuomotor policies is to employ reinforcement learning to map high-dimensional visual observations directly to action commands. However, the combination of high-dimensional visual inputs and agile…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yuhang Zhang , Jiaping Xiao , Chao Yan , Mir Feroskhan

While Reinforcement Learning ( RL) has made great strides towards solving increasingly complicated problems, many algorithms are still brittle to even slight environmental changes. Contextual Reinforcement Learning (cRL) provides a…

Despite the advantages of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for wireless use case such as medium access control (MAC), their real-world deployment in Internet of Things (IoT) is hindered by their sample inefficiency. To alleviate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Aswin Arun , Christo Kurisummoottil Thomas , Rimalpudi Sarvendranath , Walid Saad

Causal representation learning (CRL) aims at recovering latent causal variables from high-dimensional observations to solve causal downstream tasks, such as predicting the effect of new interventions or more robust classification. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Dingling Yao , Dario Rancati , Riccardo Cadei , Marco Fumero , Francesco Locatello

Causal Representation Learning (CRL) aims to uncover the data-generating process and identify the underlying causal variables and relations, whose evaluation remains inherently challenging due to the requirement of known ground-truth causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Guangyi Chen , Yunlong Deng , Peiyuan Zhu , Yan Li , Yifan Shen , Zijian Li , Kun Zhang

As a pivotal component to attaining generalizable solutions in human intelligence, reasoning provides great potential for reinforcement learning (RL) agents' generalization towards varied goals by summarizing part-to-whole arguments and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Wenhao Ding , Haohong Lin , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

Designing effective task sequences is crucial for curriculum reinforcement learning (CRL), where agents must gradually acquire skills by training on intermediate tasks. A key challenge in CRL is to identify tasks that promote exploration,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Geonwoo Cho , Jaegyun Im , Doyoon Kim , Sundong Kim

Offline meta-reinforcement learning seeks to learn policies that generalize across related tasks from fixed datasets. Context-based methods infer a task representation from transition histories, but learning effective task representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Mohammadreza Nakheai , Aidan Scannell , Kevin Luck , Joni Pajarinen

Learning efficiently a causal model of the environment is a key challenge of model-based RL agents operating in POMDPs. We consider here a scenario where the learning agent has the ability to collect online experiences through direct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Maxime Gasse , Damien Grasset , Guillaume Gaudron , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Unsupervised representation learning with variational inference relies heavily on independence assumptions over latent variables. Causal representation learning (CRL), however, argues that factors of variation in a dataset are, in fact,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Avinash Kori , Pedro Sanchez , Konstantinos Vilouras , Ben Glocker , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Offline meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) methods, which adapt to unseen target tasks with prior experience, are essential in robot control tasks. Current methods typically utilize task contexts and skills as prior experience, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Hongcai He , Anjie Zhu , Shuang Liang , Feiyu Chen , Jie Shao

Context, the embedding of previous collected trajectories, is a powerful construct for Meta-Reinforcement Learning (Meta-RL) algorithms. By conditioning on an effective context, Meta-RL policies can easily generalize to new tasks within a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Haotian Fu , Hongyao Tang , Jianye Hao , Chen Chen , Xidong Feng , Dong Li , Wulong Liu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) requires the collection of interventional data, which is sometimes expensive and even unethical in the real world, such as in the autonomous driving and the medical field. Offline reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Wenxuan Zhu , Chao Yu , Qiang Zhang

It is a long-standing question to discover causal relations among a set of variables in many empirical sciences. Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved promising results in causal discovery from observational data. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Xiaoqiang Wang , Yali Du , Shengyu Zhu , Liangjun Ke , Zhitang Chen , Jianye Hao , Jun Wang