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The design of interpretable deep learning models working in relational domains poses an open challenge: interpretable deep learning methods, such as Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs), are not designed to solve relational problems, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Pietro Barbiero , Francesco Giannini , Gabriele Ciravegna , Michelangelo Diligenti , Giuseppe Marra

Rule-based explanation methods offer rigorous and globally interpretable insights into neural network behavior. However, existing approaches are mostly limited to small fully connected networks and depend on costly layerwise rule extraction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chuqin Geng , Anqi Xing , Li Zhang , Ziyu Zhao , Yuhe Jiang , Xujie Si

Deep learning as represented by the artificial deep neural networks (DNNs) has achieved great success in many important areas that deal with text, images, videos, graphs, and so on. However, the black-box nature of DNNs has become one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Fenglei Fan , Jinjun Xiong , Mengzhou Li , Ge Wang

Interpretability is crucial for ensuring RL systems align with human values. However, it remains challenging to achieve in complex decision making domains. Existing methods frequently attempt interpretability at the level of fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Anna Soligo , Pietro Ferraro , David Boyle

We introduce a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach for solving management problems including inventory management, dynamic pricing, and recommendation. This DRL approach has the potential to lead to a large management model based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Jinyang Jiang , Xiaotian Liu , Tao Ren , Qinghao Wang , Yi Zheng , Yufu Du , Yijie Peng , Cheng Zhang

Deep learning models for natural language processing (NLP) are inherently complex and often viewed as black box in nature. This paper develops an approach for interpreting convolutional neural networks for text classification problems by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Wei Zhao , Rahul Singh , Tarun Joshi , Agus Sudjianto , Vijayan N. Nair

Deep learning based methods hold state-of-the-art results in image denoising, but remain difficult to interpret due to their construction from poorly understood building blocks such as batch-normalization, residual learning, and feature…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-09 Nikola Janjušević , Amirhossein Khalilian-Gourtani , Yao Wang

While concept-based interpretability methods have traditionally focused on local explanations of neural network predictions, we propose a novel framework and interactive tool that extends these methods into the domain of mechanistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sofiia Chorna , Kateryna Tarelkina , Eloïse Berthier , Gianni Franchi

The black-box nature of deep learning models prevents them from being completely trusted in domains like biomedicine. Most explainability techniques do not capture the concept-based reasoning that human beings follow. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Avinash Kori , Parth Natekar , Ganapathy Krishnamurthi , Balaji Srinivasan

Travel demand modeling has shifted from aggregated trip-based models to behavior-oriented activity-based models because daily trips are essentially driven by human activities. To analyze the sequential activity-travel decisions, deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yuebing Liang , Shenhao Wang , Jiangbo Yu , Zhan Zhao , Jinhua Zhao , Sandy Pentland

Recently, there has been increasing interest in transparency and interpretability in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) systems. Verbal explanations, as the most natural way of communication in our daily life, deserve more attention, since…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Xinzhi Wang , Huao Li , Hui Zhang , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara

Machine learning-based methods have achieved successful applications in machinery fault diagnosis. However, the main limitation that exists for these methods is that they operate as a black box and are generally not interpretable. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Gang Chen , Yu Lu , Rong Su , Zhaodan Kong

As the use of deep learning techniques has grown across various fields over the past decade, complaints about the opaqueness of the black-box models have increased, resulting in an increased focus on transparency in deep learning models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Siwen Luo , Hamish Ivison , Caren Han , Josiah Poon

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been proven to be a powerful paradigm for learning complex control policy autonomously. Numerous recent applications of DRL in robotic grasping have successfully trained DRL robotic agents end-to-end,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Zhixin Chen , Mengxiang Lin , Zhixin Jia , Shibo Jian

Despite substantial progress in applying neural networks (NN) to a wide variety of areas, they still largely suffer from a lack of transparency and interpretability. While recent developments in explainable artificial intelligence attempt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Yunhao Ge , Yao Xiao , Zhi Xu , Meng Zheng , Srikrishna Karanam , Terrence Chen , Laurent Itti , Ziyan Wu

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has recently led to many breakthroughs on a range of complex control tasks. However, the agent's decision-making process is generally not transparent. The lack of interpretability hinders the applicability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Wenjie Shi , Gao Huang , Shiji Song , Zhuoyuan Wang , Tingyu Lin , Cheng Wu

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) involves the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to make sequential decisions in order to maximize reward. For many tasks the resulting sequence of actions produced by a Deep RL policy can be long and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Sam Blakeman , Denis Mareschal

Explaining deep learning models is of vital importance for understanding artificial intelligence systems, improving safety, and evaluating fairness. To better understand and control the CNN model, many methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Zhihao Wang , Chuang Zhu

We propose a novel training method that integrates rules into deep learning, in a way the strengths of the rules are controllable at inference. Deep Neural Networks with Controllable Rule Representations (DeepCTRL) incorporates a rule…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Sungyong Seo , Sercan O. Arik , Jinsung Yoon , Xiang Zhang , Kihyuk Sohn , Tomas Pfister

Despite substantial progress in applying neural networks (NN) to multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) areas, they still largely suffer from a lack of transparency and interoperability. However, its implicit cooperative mechanism is not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Zhonghan Ge , Yuanyang Zhu , Chunlin Chen