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This study investigates various approaches to using Large Language Models (LLMs) for Text-to-SQL program synthesis, focusing on the outcomes and insights derived. Employing the popular Text-to-SQL dataset, spider, the goal was to input a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Richard Roberson , Gowtham Kaki , Ashutosh Trivedi

This work reframes the Text-to-SQL task as a pathway for teaching large language models (LLMs) to reason over and manipulate tabular data--moving beyond the traditional focus on query generation. We propose a two-stage framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Josefa Lia Stoisser , Marc Boubnovski Martell , Julien Fauqueur

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved performance on the Text-to-SQL task. However, prior approaches typically rely on static, pre-processed database information provided at inference time, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Wenxuan Xie , Yaxun Dai , Wenhao Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising solution for converting natural language queries into SQL commands, enabling seamless database interaction. However, these Text-to-SQL (Text2SQL) systems face inherent limitations,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Prakhar Gurawa , Anjali Dharmik

Text-to-SQL semantic parsing is an important NLP task, which greatly facilitates the interaction between users and the database and becomes the key component in many human-computer interaction systems. Much recent progress in text-to-SQL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Longxu Dou , Yan Gao , Mingyang Pan , Dingzirui Wang , Wanxiang Che , Dechen Zhan , Jian-Guang Lou

Text-to-SQL is a challenging task involving multiple reasoning-intensive subtasks, including natural language understanding, database schema comprehension, and precise SQL query formulation. Existing approaches often rely on handcrafted…

Schema linking -- the process of aligning natural language questions with database schema elements -- is a critical yet underexplored component of Text-to-SQL systems. While recent methods have focused primarily on improving SQL generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Md Mahadi Hasan Nahid , Davood Rafiei , Weiwei Zhang , Yong Zhang

Translating natural language into SQL (Text-to-SQL) remains a core challenge at the intersection of language understanding and structured data access. Although large language models (LLMs) have improved fluency, generating correct and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Kushal Gajjar , Harshit Sikchi , Arpit Singh Gautam , Marc Hammons , Saurabh Jha

Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in Text-to-SQL tasks, open-source LLMs encounter challenges in contextual understanding and response coherence. To tackle these issues, we present \ours, a systematic methodology tailored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Xiaojun Chen , Tianle Wang , Tianhao Qiu , Jianbin Qin , Min Yang

Text-to-SQL has attracted attention from both the natural language processing and database communities because of its ability to convert the semantics in natural language into SQL queries and its practical application in building natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Naihao Deng , Yulong Chen , Yue Zhang

Translating users' natural language questions into SQL queries (i.e., NL2SQL) significantly lowers the barriers to accessing relational databases. The emergence of Large Language Models has introduced a novel paradigm in NL2SQL tasks,…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Boyan Li , Yuyu Luo , Chengliang Chai , Guoliang Li , Nan Tang

Recent text-to-SQL systems powered by large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in translating natural language queries into SQL. However, these systems often struggle with complex database structures and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Haoyuan Ma , Yongliang Shen , Hengwei Liu , Wenqi Zhang , Haolei Xu , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weiming Lu

The goal of database question answering is to enable natural language querying of real-life relational databases in diverse application domains. Recently, large-scale datasets such as Spider and WikiSQL facilitated novel modeling techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Oleksandr Polozov , Matthew Richardson

Query reformulation aims to alter noisy or ambiguous text sequences into coherent ones closer to natural language questions. This is to prevent errors from propagating in a client-facing pipeline and promote better communication with users.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Jerry Zikun Chen , Shi Yu , Haoran Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in translating natural language to SQL, but a significant semantic gap persists between their general knowledge and domain-specific semantics of databases. Historical…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Yiwen Jiao , Tonghui Ren , Yuche Gao , Zhenying He , Yinan Jing , Kai Zhang , X. Sean Wang

Text-to-SQL is the problem of converting a user question into an SQL query, when the question and database are given. In this paper, we present a neural network approach called RYANSQL (Recursively Yielding Annotation Network for SQL) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-08 DongHyun Choi , Myeong Cheol Shin , EungGyun Kim , Dong Ryeol Shin

In order to reduce the manual cost of designing ER models, recent approaches have been proposed to address the task of NL2ERM, i.e., automatically generating entity-relationship (ER) models from natural language (NL) utterances such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Zhenwen Li , Jian-Guang Lou , Tao Xie

Using the best Text-to-SQL methods in resource-constrained environments is challenging due to their reliance on resource-intensive open-source models. This paper introduces Auto Prompt SQL(AP-SQL), a novel architecture designed to bridge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zetong Tang , Qian Ma , Di Wu

Text-to-SQL is a crucial task toward developing methods for understanding natural language by computers. Recent neural approaches deliver excellent performance; however, models that are difficult to interpret inhibit future developments.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Yasufumi Taniguchi , Hiroki Nakayama , Kubo Takahiro , Jun Suzuki

The complexity of SQL and the spatial semantics of PostGIS create barriers for non-experts working with spatial data. Although large language models can translate natural language into SQL, spatial Text-to-SQL is more error-prone than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ali Khosravi Kazazi , Zhenlong Li , M. Naser Lessani , Guido Cervone