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Quantization reduces computation costs of neural networks but suffers from performance degeneration. Is this accuracy drop due to the reduced capacity, or inefficient training during the quantization procedure? After looking into the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Qing Jin , Linjie Yang , Zhenyu Liao

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a representative model compression method to reduce redundancy in weights and activations. However, most existing QAT methods require end-to-end training on the entire dataset, which suffers from long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Xijie Huang , Zechun Liu , Shih-Yang Liu , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Efficient inference is critical for deploying deep learning models on edge AI devices. Low-bit quantization (e.g., 3- and 4-bit) with fixed-point arithmetic improves efficiency, while low-power memory technologies like analog nonvolatile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Anmol Biswas , Raghav Singhal , Sivakumar Elangovan , Shreyas Sabnis , Udayan Ganguly

The complicated architecture and high training cost of vision transformers urge the exploration of post-training quantization. However, the heavy-tailed distribution of vision transformer activations hinders the effectiveness of previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Yijiang Liu , Huanrui Yang , Zhen Dong , Kurt Keutzer , Li Du , Shanghang Zhang

A popular track of network compression approach is Quantization aware Training (QAT), which accelerates the forward pass during the neural network training and inference. However, not much prior efforts have been made to quantize and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Kaixin Xu , Alina Hui Xiu Lee , Ziyuan Zhao , Zhe Wang , Min Wu , Weisi Lin

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a neural network compression technique that converts a full-precision model into a quantized model using lower-precision data types. Although it can help reduce the size and computational cost of deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Jiawei Liu , Lin Niu , Zhihang Yuan , Dawei Yang , Xinggang Wang , Wenyu Liu

Despite the outstanding performance of transformers in both language and vision tasks, the expanding computation and model size have increased the demand for efficient deployment. To address the heavy computation and parameter drawbacks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xijie Huang , Zhiqiang Shen , Pingcheng Dong , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Weight quantization is used to deploy high-performance deep learning models on resource-limited hardware, enabling the use of low-precision integers for storage and computation. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) share the goal of enhancing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Sreyes Venkatesh , Razvan Marinescu , Jason K. Eshraghian

Learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with low bitwidth is challenging because performance may drop significantly after quantization. Prior arts often discretize the network weights by carefully tuning hyper-parameters of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Chaofan Tao , Rui Lin , Quan Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Ping Luo , Ngai Wong

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is widely adopted to quantize language models by training full-precision weights using gradients from the quantized model. The main bottleneck is its slow convergence and early performance plateau,…

Post-training quantization (PTQ) for vision transformers (ViTs) has garnered significant attention due to its efficiency in compressing models. However, existing methods typically overlook the relationship between a well-trained NN and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Peng Xia , Junbiao Pang , Tianyang Cai

Quantization techniques, including quantization-aware training (QAT) and post-training quantization (PTQ), have become essential for inference acceleration of image super-resolution (SR) networks. Compared to QAT, PTQ has garnered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hailing Wang , jianglin Lu , Yitian Zhang , Yun Fu

Quantization of neural networks provides benefits of inference in less compute and memory requirements. Previous work in quantization lack two important aspects which this work provides. First almost all previous work in quantization used a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Zia Badar

In this paper, we compress convolutional neural network (CNN) weights post-training via transform quantization. Previous CNN quantization techniques tend to ignore the joint statistics of weights and activations, producing sub-optimal CNN…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Sean I. Young , Wang Zhe , David Taubman , Bernd Girod

Training neural networks with batch normalization and weight decay has become a common practice in recent years. In this work, we show that their combined use may result in a surprising periodic behavior of optimization dynamics: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ekaterina Lobacheva , Maxim Kodryan , Nadezhda Chirkova , Andrey Malinin , Dmitry Vetrov

This study investigates how weight decay affects the update behavior of individual neurons in deep neural networks through a combination of applied analysis and experimentation. Weight decay can cause the expected magnitude and angular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Atli Kosson , Bettina Messmer , Martin Jaggi

Although existing Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) methods intensively depend on knowledge distillation to guarantee performance, QAT still suffers from severe performance drop. The experiments have shown that vanilla quantization is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Junbiao Pang , Tianyang Cai , Baochang Zhang , Jiaqi Wu

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a common paradigm for network quantization, in which the training phase incorporates the simulation of the low-precision computation to optimize the quantization parameters in alignment with the task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Chengting Yu , Shu Yang , Fengzhao Zhang , Hanzhi Ma , Aili Wang , Er-Ping Li

In low-latency or mobile applications, lower computation complexity, lower memory footprint and better energy efficiency are desired. Many prior works address this need by removing redundant parameters. Parameter quantization replaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Cheng-Chou Lan

Recent work in continual learning has highlighted the beneficial effect of resampling weights in the last layer of a neural network (``zapping"). Although empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Lapo Frati , Neil Traft , Jeff Clune , Nick Cheney