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Video diffusion models have recently shown promise for world modeling through autoregressive frame prediction conditioned on actions. However, they struggle to maintain long-term memory due to the high computational cost associated with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ryan Po , Yotam Nitzan , Richard Zhang , Berlin Chen , Tri Dao , Eli Shechtman , Gordon Wetzstein , Xun Huang

World models aim to predict plausible futures consistent with past observations, a capability central to planning and decision-making in reinforcement learning. Yet, existing architectures face a fundamental memory trade-off: transformers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Sebastian Stapf , Pablo Acuaviva Huertos , Aram Davtyan , Paolo Favaro

World models have recently gained prominence for action-conditioned visual prediction in complex environments. However, relying on only a few recent observations causes them to lose long-term context. Consequently, within a few steps, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Nedko Savov , Naser Kazemi , Deheng Zhang , Danda Pani Paudel , Xi Wang , Luc Van Gool

Diffusion world models have recently become competitive for online model-based reinforcement learning, but current approaches expose a tension: pixel diffusion is effective but computationally expensive while the latest latent diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jing Yu Lim , Rushi Shah , Zarif Ikram , Samson Yu , Haozhe Ma , Tze-Yun Leong , Dianbo Liu

World models learn to predict future states of an environment, enabling planning and mental simulation. Current approaches default to Transformer-based predictors operating in learned latent spaces. This comes at a cost: O(N^2) computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Fabien Polly

We introduce Diffusion World Model (DWM), a conditional diffusion model capable of predicting multistep future states and rewards concurrently. As opposed to traditional one-step dynamics models, DWM offers long-horizon predictions in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Zihan Ding , Amy Zhang , Yuandong Tian , Qinqing Zheng

World models constitute a promising approach for training reinforcement learning agents in a safe and sample-efficient manner. Recent world models predominantly operate on sequences of discrete latent variables to model environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Eloi Alonso , Adam Jelley , Vincent Micheli , Anssi Kanervisto , Amos Storkey , Tim Pearce , François Fleuret

World models are emerging as a transformative paradigm in artificial intelligence, enabling agents to construct internal representations of their environments for predictive reasoning, planning, and decision-making. By learning latent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Changyuan Zhao , Ruichen Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Gaosheng Zhao , Dusit Niyato , Geng Sun , Shiwen Mao , Dong In Kim

World simulation has gained increasing popularity due to its ability to model virtual environments and predict the consequences of actions. However, the limited temporal context window often leads to failures in maintaining long-term…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zeqi Xiao , Yushi Lan , Yifan Zhou , Wenqi Ouyang , Shuai Yang , Yanhong Zeng , Xingang Pan

The utility of learning a dynamics/world model of the environment in reinforcement learning has been shown in a many ways. When using neural networks, however, these models suffer catastrophic forgetting when learned in a lifelong or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Nicholas Ketz , Soheil Kolouri , Praveen Pilly

Diffusion models are a class of flexible generative models trained with an approximation to the log-likelihood objective. However, most use cases of diffusion models are not concerned with likelihoods, but instead with downstream objectives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Kevin Black , Michael Janner , Yilun Du , Ilya Kostrikov , Sergey Levine

World models aim to learn action-controlled future prediction and have proven essential for the development of intelligent agents. However, most existing world models rely heavily on substantial action-labeled data and costly training,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shenyuan Gao , Siyuan Zhou , Yilun Du , Jun Zhang , Chuang Gan

World models power some of the most efficient reinforcement learning algorithms. In this work, we showcase that they can be harnessed for continual learning - a situation when the agent faces changing environments. World models typically…

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer attractive advantages over Auto-Regressive (AR) models, such as full-attention parallel decoding and flexible generation. However, standard DLM training uses a static, single-step masked prediction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Weizhe Lin , Sinno Jialin Pan , Yunhe Wang , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Emerging world models autoregressively generate video frames in response to actions, such as camera movements and text prompts, among other control signals. Due to limited temporal context window sizes, these models often struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Tong Wu , Shuai Yang , Ryan Po , Yinghao Xu , Ziwei Liu , Dahua Lin , Gordon Wetzstein

We present a novel study on enhancing the capability of preserving the content in world models, focusing on a property we term World Stability. Recent diffusion-based generative models have advanced the synthesis of immersive and realistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Soonwoo Kwon , Jin-Young Kim , Hyojun Go , Kyungjune Baek

Diffusion-based world models have demonstrated strong capabilities in synthesizing realistic long-horizon trajectories for offline reinforcement learning (RL). However, many existing methods do not directly generate actions alongside states…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zongyue Li , Xiao Han , Yusong Li , Niklas Strauss , Matthias Schubert

Evaluating robotics policies across thousands of environments and thousands of tasks is infeasible with existing approaches. This motivates the need for a new methodology for scalable robotics policy evaluation. In this paper, we propose…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yaxuan Li , Zhongyi Zhou , Yefei Chen , Yaokai Xue , Yichen Zhu

Reinforcement learning (RL) struggles to scale to large, combinatorial action spaces common in many real-world problems. This paper introduces a novel framework for training discrete diffusion models as highly effective policies in these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Haitong Ma , Ofir Nabati , Aviv Rosenberg , Bo Dai , Oran Lang , Craig Boutilier , Na Li , Shie Mannor , Lior Shani , Guy Tenneholtz

Generative models such as diffusion have been employed as world models in offline reinforcement learning to generate synthetic data for more effective learning. Existing work either generates diffusion models one-time prior to training or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Zeyu Fang , Tian Lan
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