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Instruction-following large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have become widely popular among everyday users. However, these models inadvertently disclose private, sensitive information to their users, underscoring the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Minseok Choi , Daniel Rim , Dohyun Lee , Jaegul Choo

Understanding and shaping the behaviour of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly important as applications become more powerful and more frequently adopted. This paper introduces a machine unlearning method specifically designed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Nicholas Pochinkov , Nandi Schoots

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains, yet their utility comes with significant challenges related to outdated or problematic knowledge embedded during pretraining. This paper addresses the challenge of modifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Akshaj Kumar Veldanda , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Anirban Das , Supriyo Chakraborty , Stephen Rawls , Sambit Sahu , Milind Naphade

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external tools has emerged as a promising approach to extend their utility, enabling them to solve practical tasks. Previous methods manually parse tool documentation and create in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zhengliang Shi , Shen Gao , Lingyong Yan , Yue Feng , Xiuyi Chen , Zhumin Chen , Dawei Yin , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Large Language Model (LLM) agents significantly extend the capabilities of standalone LLMs, empowering them to interact with external tools (e.g., APIs, functions) and complete various tasks in a self-directed fashion. The challenge of tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Weizhou Shen , Chenliang Li , Hongzhan Chen , Ming Yan , Xiaojun Quan , Hehong Chen , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang

The pursuit of human-level artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly advanced the development of autonomous agents and Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs are now widely utilized as decision-making agents for their ability to interpret…

Large language models trained on massive corpora of data from the web can memorize and reproduce sensitive or private data raising both legal and ethical concerns. Unlearning, or tuning models to forget information present in their training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Pratyush Maini , Zhili Feng , Avi Schwarzschild , Zachary C. Lipton , J. Zico Kolter

Driven by privacy protection laws and regulations, unlearning in Large Language Models (LLMs) is gaining increasing attention. However, current research often neglects the interpretability of the unlearning process, particularly concerning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Xiaohua Feng , Yuyuan Li , Chengye Wang , Junlin Liu , Li Zhang , Chaochao Chen

Machine unlearning has emerged as an important component in developing safe and trustworthy models. Prior work on fact unlearning in LLMs has mostly focused on removing a specified target fact robustly, but often overlooks its deductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Ruihan Wu , Chhavi Yadav , Russ Salakhutdinov , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Large language model unlearning has garnered increasing attention due to its potential to address security and privacy concerns, leading to extensive research in the field. However, much of this research has concentrated on instance-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Weitao Ma , Xiaocheng Feng , Weihong Zhong , Lei Huang , Yangfan Ye , Xiachong Feng , Bing Qin

Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) aims to remove specified data, but its efficacy is typically assessed with task-level metrics like accuracy and perplexity. We show that these metrics can be misleading, as models can appear to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaoyu Xu , Xiang Yue , Yang Liu , Qingqing Ye , Huadi Zheng , Peizhao Hu , Minxin Du , Haibo Hu

Unlearning aims to remove copyrighted, sensitive, or private content from large language models (LLMs) without a full retraining. In this work, we develop a multi-task unlearning benchmark (LUME) which features three tasks: (1) unlearn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Anil Ramakrishna , Yixin Wan , Xiaomeng Jin , Kai-Wei Chang , Zhiqi Bu , Bhanukiran Vinzamuri , Volkan Cevher , Mingyi Hong , Rahul Gupta

Large Language Models (LLMs) can memorize sensitive information, raising concerns about potential misuse. LLM Unlearning, a post-hoc approach to remove this information from trained LLMs, offers a promising solution to mitigate these risks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Tianle Gu , Kexin Huang , Ruilin Luo , Yuanqi Yao , Yujiu Yang , Yan Teng , Yingchun Wang

Large language models (LLMs) possess strong semantic understanding, driving significant progress in data mining applications. This is further enhanced by large reasoning models (LRMs), which provide explicit multi-step reasoning traces. On…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Aobo Chen , Chenxu Zhao , Chenglin Miao , Mengdi Huai

LLM unlearning is a technique to remove the impacts of undesirable knowledge from the model without retraining from scratch, which is indispensable towards trustworthy AI. Existing unlearning methods face significant limitations:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yisheng Zhong , Zhengbang Yang , Zhuangdi Zhu

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini has shown their powerful natural language generation capabilities. However, these models can inadvertently learn and retain sensitive information and harmful content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou

The era of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents a new opportunity for interpretability--agentic interpretability: a multi-turn conversation with an LLM wherein the LLM proactively assists human understanding by developing and leveraging a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Been Kim , John Hewitt , Neel Nanda , Noah Fiedel , Oyvind Tafjord

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant challenges in maintaining privacy, ethics, and compliance, when sensitive or obsolete data must be selectively removed. Retraining these models from scratch is computationally infeasible,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Dinesh Srivasthav P , Bala Mallikarjunarao Garlapati

Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising paradigm for training Large Language Models (LLMs) in a decentralized manner while preserving data privacy and minimizing communication overhead. This survey examines recent advancements in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Youyang Qu , Ming Liu , Tianqing Zhu , Longxiang Gao , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) inevitably acquire harmful information during training on massive datasets. LLM unlearning aims to eliminate the influence of such harmful information while maintaining the model's overall performance. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Wenyu Wang , Mengqi Zhang , Xiaotian Ye , Zhaochun Ren , Zhumin Chen , Pengjie Ren