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Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) under partial observability has long been considered challenging, primarily due to the requirement for each agent to maintain a belief over all other agents' local histories -- a domain that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Weichao Mao , Kaiqing Zhang , Erik Miehling , Tamer Başar

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has exploded in popularity in recent years. Many approaches have been developed but they can be divided into three main types: centralized training and execution (CTE), centralized training for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-22 Christopher Amato

Multi-robot manipulation tasks involve various control entities that can be separated into dynamically independent parts. A typical example of such real-world tasks is dual-arm manipulation. Learning to naively solve such tasks with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Elie Aljalbout , Maximilian Karl , Patrick van der Smagt

Adaptive cooperation in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) requires policies to express homogeneous, specialised, or mixed behaviours, yet achieving this adaptivity remains a critical challenge. While parameter sharing (PS) is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Kale-ab Abebe Tessera , Arrasy Rahman , Amos Storkey , Stefano V. Albrecht

Learning to collaborate is critical in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Previous works promote collaboration by maximizing the correlation of agents' behaviors, which is typically characterized by Mutual Information (MI) in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Pengyi Li , Hongyao Tang , Tianpei Yang , Xiaotian Hao , Tong Sang , Yan Zheng , Jianye Hao , Matthew E. Taylor , Wenyuan Tao , Zhen Wang , Fazl Barez

Learning to cooperate in distributed partially observable environments with no communication abilities poses significant challenges for multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL). This paper addresses key concerns in this domain,…

Decentralized combinatorial optimization in evolving multi-agent systems poses significant challenges, requiring agents to balance long-term decision-making, short-term optimized collective outcomes, while preserving autonomy of interactive…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Chuhao Qin , Evangelos Pournaras

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) has important implications for the future of human-agent teaming. We show that improved performance with multi-agent RL is not a guarantee of the collaborative behavior thought to be important for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Sean L. Barton , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Erin Zaroukian , Derrik E. Asher

Many real-world applications can be formulated as multi-agent cooperation problems, such as network packet routing and coordination of autonomous vehicles. The emergence of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides a promising approach for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Zhixuan Liang , Jiannong Cao , Shan Jiang , Divya Saxena , Huafeng Xu

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) leverages static datasets of experience to learn optimal multi-agent control. However, learning from static data presents several unique challenges to overcome. In this paper, we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Callum Rhys Tilbury , Claude Formanek , Louise Beyers , Jonathan P. Shock , Arnu Pretorius

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved significant progress in large-scale traffic control, autonomous vehicles, and robotics. Drawing inspiration from biological systems where roles naturally emerge to enable coordination,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Harsh Goel , Mohammad Omama , Behdad Chalaki , Vaishnav Tadiparthi , Ehsan Moradi Pari , Sandeep Chinchali

Preventing collisions in multi-robot navigation is crucial for deployment. This requirement hinders the use of learning-based approaches, such as multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), on their own due to their lack of safety…

In recent years, multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has presented impressive performance in various applications. However, physical limitations, budget restrictions, and many other factors usually impose \textit{constraints} on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Zhaoxing Yang , Rong Ding , Haiming Jin , Yifei Wei , Haoyi You , Guiyun Fan , Xiaoying Gan , Xinbing Wang

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) aims to solve cooperative decision-making problems in multi-agent systems using pre-collected datasets. Existing offline MARL methods primarily constrain training within the dataset…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-01 Sijia Li , Xinran Li , Shibo Chen , Jun Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Deep Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) have achieved significant successes across a wide range of domains, including game AI, autonomous vehicles, robotics, and so on. However, DRL and deep MARL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Jianye Hao , Tianpei Yang , Hongyao Tang , Chenjia Bai , Jinyi Liu , Zhaopeng Meng , Peng Liu , Zhen Wang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is crucial for AI systems that operate collaboratively in distributed and adversarial settings, particularly in multi-domain operations (MDO). A central challenge in cooperative MARL is determining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nikunj Gupta , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Connected and autonomous vehicles across land, water, and air must often operate in dynamic, unpredictable environments with limited communication, no centralized control, and partial observability. These real-world constraints pose…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hung Du , Hy Nguyen , Srikanth Thudumu , Rajesh Vasa , Kon Mouzakis

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (c-MARL) is widely applied in safety-critical scenarios, thus the analysis of robustness for c-MARL models is profoundly important. However, robustness certification for c-MARLs has not yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Ronghui Mu , Wenjie Ruan , Leandro Soriano Marcolino , Gaojie Jin , Qiang Ni

Training a team of agents from scratch in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is highly inefficient, much like asking beginners to play a symphony together without first practicing solo. Existing methods, such as offline or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xun Wang , Zhuoran Li , Yanshan Lin , Hai Zhong , Longbo Huang

The deployment of multi-agent systems in dynamic, adversarial environments like robotic soccer necessitates real-time decision-making, sophisticated cooperation, and scalable algorithms to avoid the curse of dimensionality. While…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Aya Taourirte , Md Sohag Mia