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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of coding tasks, including summarization, translation, completion, and code generation. Despite these advances, detecting code vulnerabilities…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Md Abdul Hannan , Ronghao Ni , Chi Zhang , Limin Jia , Ravi Mangal , Corina S. Pasareanu

The emergence of long-context large language models (LLMs) has enabled the use of hundreds, or even thousands, of demonstrations for in-context learning (ICL) - a previously impractical regime. This paper investigates whether traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Arjun R. Akula , Kazuma Hashimoto , Krishna Srinivasan , Aditi Chaudhary , Karthik Raman , Michael Bendersky

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to learn different tasks without explicit finetuning when given many input-output examples / demonstrations through In-Context Learning (ICL). Increasing the number of examples, called…

Utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) as evaluators to assess the performance of LLMs has garnered attention. However, this kind of evaluation approach is affected by potential biases within LLMs, raising concerns about the accuracy and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Mingyang Song , Mao Zheng , Xuan Luo , Yue Pan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved notable performance in computer vision tasks that require reasoning across visual and textual modalities, yet their capabilities are limited to their pre-trained data, requiring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mirco Bonomo , Simone Bianco

The remarkable ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to understand and follow instructions has sometimes been limited by their in-context learning (ICL) performance in low-resource languages. To address this, we introduce a novel approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Xiaoqian Li , Ercong Nie , Sheng Liang

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides at code generation through improved model design, training, and chain-of-thought. However, prompt-level optimizations remain an important yet under-explored aspect of LLMs for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Derek Xu , Tong Xie , Botao Xia , Haoyu Li , Yunsheng Bai , Yizhou Sun , Wei Wang

Large Language models (LLMs) possess the capability to engage In-context Learning (ICL) by leveraging a few demonstrations pertaining to a new downstream task as conditions. However, this particular learning paradigm suffers from high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Hongfu Liu , Ye Wang

In-Context Learning (ICL) is a technique by which language models make predictions based on examples provided in their input context. Previously, their context window size imposed a limit on the number of examples that can be shown, making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Jinheon Baek , Sun Jae Lee , Prakhar Gupta , Geunseob Oh , Siddharth Dalmia , Prateek Kolhar

In-context Learning (ICL) is one of the key methods for enhancing the performance of large language models on specific tasks by providing a set of few-shot examples. However, the ICL capability of different types of models shows significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Ding Chen , Shichao Song , Qingchen Yu , Zhiyu Li , Wenjin Wang , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang

Test-time adaptation enables large language models (LLMs) to modify their behavior at inference without updating model parameters. A common approach is many-shot prompting, where large numbers of in-context learning (ICL) examples are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Shubhangi Upasani , Chen Wu , Jay Rainton , Bo Li , Urmish Thakker , Changran Hu , Qizheng Zhang

Large Language Models exhibit powerful few-shot in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, but the performance is highly sensitive to provided examples. Recent research has focused on retrieving corresponding examples for each input query, not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Yunhao Liang , Ruixuan Ying , Takuya Taniguchi , Zhe Cui

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive translation performance without requiring fine-tuning on additional parallel corpora. However, they still face significant challenges in certain scenarios, particularly when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Seung-Woo Choi , Ga-Hyun Yoo , Jay-Yoon Lee

The high cost of obtaining high-quality annotated data for in-context learning (ICL) has motivated the development of methods that use self-generated annotations in place of ground-truth labels. While these approaches have shown promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zhengyao Gu , Henry Peng Zou , Yankai Chen , Aiwei Liu , Weizhi Zhang , Philip S. Yu

Real-world applications of large language models (LLMs) in computational social science (CSS) tasks primarily depend on the effectiveness of instruction tuning (IT) or in-context learning (ICL). While IT has shown highly effective at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Taihang Wang , Xiaoman Xu , Yimin Wang , Ye Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) possess broad world knowledge and strong general-purpose reasoning ability, yet they struggle to learn from many in-context examples on standard machine learning (ML) tasks, that is, to leverage many-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Haoyu Dong , Pengkun Zhang , Mingzhe Lu , Yanzhen Shen , Guolin Ke

The linguistic capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are critical for their effective application across diverse tasks. This study aims to evaluate the performance of MLLMs on the VALSE benchmark, focusing on the efficacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Mustafa Dogan , Ilker Kesen , Iacer Calixto , Aykut Erdem , Erkut Erdem

In-context learning (ICL) allows large models to adapt to tasks using a few examples, yet its extension to vision-language models (VLMs) remains fragile. Our analysis reveals that the fundamental limitation lies in an inductive gap, models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Haoyu Wang , Haonan Wang , Yuyan Chen , Jun Chen , Gang Liu , Qian Wang , Jiahong Yan , Yanghua Xiao

In-context Learning (ICL) is the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform new tasks when conditioned on prompts comprising a few task examples. However, ICL performance can be critically sensitive to the choice of examples. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Shivanshu Gupta , Clemens Rosenbaum , Ethan R. Elenberg

Owing to the capability of in-context learning, large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance across diverse mathematical reasoning benchmarks. However, we find that few-shot demonstrations can sometimes bring negative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jiayu Liu , Zhenya Huang , Chaokun Wang , Xunpeng Huang , Chengxiang Zhai , Enhong Chen