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In this paper we aim to formally explain the phenomenon of fast convergence of SGD observed in modern machine learning. The key observation is that most modern learning architectures are over-parametrized and are trained to interpolate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-18 Siyuan Ma , Raef Bassily , Mikhail Belkin

The high efficiency of a recently proposed method for computing with Gaussian processes relies on expanding a (translationally invariant) covariance kernel into complex exponentials, with frequencies lying on a Cartesian equispaced grid.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-19 Alex Barnett , Philip Greengard , Manas Rachh

The problem of guaranteed parameter estimation (GPE) consists in enclosing the set of all possible parameter values, such that the model predictions match the corresponding measurements within prescribed error bounds. One of the bottlenecks…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Junyan Su , Yanlin Zha , Kai Wang , Mario E. Villanueva , Radoslav Paulen , Boris Houska

Low-distortion embeddings are critical building blocks for developing random sampling and random projection algorithms for linear algebra problems. We show that, given a matrix $A \in \R^{n \times d}$ with $n \gg d$ and a $p \in [1, 2)$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-03-22 Xiangrui Meng , Michael W. Mahoney

Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is a popular regression method, which unlike most Machine Learning techniques, provides estimates of uncertainty for its predictions. These uncertainty estimates however, are based on the assumption that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Harris Papadopoulos

Exploiting the variational interpretation of kernel interpolation we exhibit a direct connection between interpolation and regression, where interpolation appears as a limiting case of regression. By applying this framework to point clouds…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Patrick Guidotti

Applying Gaussian processes (GPs) to very large datasets remains a challenge due to limited computational scalability. Matrix structures, such as the Kronecker product, can accelerate operations significantly, but their application commonly…

Deep learning based methods have recently pushed the state-of-the-art on the problem of Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR). In this work, we revisit the more traditional interpolation-based methods, that were popular before, now with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Xu Jia , Hong Chang , Tinne Tuytelaars

Gaussian process (GP) regression provides a flexible, nonparametric framework for probabilistic modeling, yet remains computationally demanding in large-scale applications. For one-dimensional data, state space (SS) models achieve…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-07 Liang Ding , Rui Tuo , Lu Zhou

We study polynomial approximation on a $d$-cube, where $d$ is large, and compare interpolation on sparse grids, aka Smolyak's algorithm (SA), with a simple least squares method based on randomly generated points (LS) using standard…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Jakob Eggl , Elias Mindlberger , Mario Ullrich

Gaussian processes (GPs) have gained popularity as flexible machine learning models for regression and function approximation with an in-built method for uncertainty quantification. However, GPs suffer when the amount of training data is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-26 Jonas Latz , Aretha L. Teckentrup , Simon Urbainczyk

Product formulae are a popular class of digital quantum simulation algorithms due to their conceptual simplicity, low overhead, and performance which often exceeds theoretical expectations. Recently, Richardson extrapolation and polynomial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 James D. Watson , Jacob Watkins

We construct approximate Fekete point sets for kernel-based interpolation by maximising the determinant of a kernel Gram matrix obtained via truncation of an orthonormal expansion of the kernel. Uniform error estimates are proved for kernel…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Toni Karvonen , Simo Särkkä , Ken'ichiro Tanaka

Greedy methods have recently been successfully applied to generalized kernel interpolation, or the recovery of a function from data stemming from the evaluation of linear functionals, including the approximation of solutions of linear PDEs…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-29 Bernard Haasdonk , Gabriele Santin , Tizian Wenzel , Daniel Winkle

Gaussian processes (GPs) are a ubiquitous tool for geostatistical modeling with high levels of flexibility and interpretability, and the ability to make predictions at unseen spatial locations through a process called Kriging. Estimation of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-12 Brandon R. Feng , Reetam Majumder , Brian J. Reich , Mohamed A. Abba

Spatial statistics often rely on Gaussian processes (GPs) to capture dependencies across locations. However, their computational cost increases rapidly with the number of locations, potentially needing multiple hours even for moderate…

Computation · Statistics 2025-10-23 Sébastien Garneau , Carlos T. P. Zanini , Alexandra M. Schmidt

Prediction-Powered Inference (PPI) is a recently proposed statistical inference technique for parameter estimation that leverages pseudo-labels on both labeled and unlabeled data to construct an unbiased, low-variance estimator. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Noa Shoham , Ron Dorfman , Shalev Shaer , Kfir Y. Levy , Yaniv Romano

This paper focuses on developing a framework for constructing quasi-interpolation with the highest achievable approximation order from generalized Gaussian kernels with the help of kernel restriction trick and periodization technique. We…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Wenwu Gao , Le Hu , Zhengjie Sun , Changwei Wang

Deep architecture such as hierarchical semi-Markov models is an important class of models for nested sequential data. Current exact inference schemes either cost cubic time in sequence length, or exponential time in model depth. These costs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-08-07 Truyen Tran , Dinh Phung , Svetha Venkatesh , Hung H. Bui

We explore a scaled spectral preconditioner for the efficient solution of sequences of symmetric and positive-definite linear systems. We design the scaled preconditioner not only as an approximation of the inverse of the linear system but…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-04 Youssef Diouane , Selime Gürol , Oussama Mouhtal , Dominique Orban