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A recent Letter by Wadhia et al. reports a realization of a quantum clock using a double quantum dot (DQD) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 200407 (2005)]. This Comment identifies two fundamental issues: (I) the claimed ``quantum clock" exhibits only…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Longyan Gong

All clocks, in some form or another, use the evolution of nature towards higher entropy states to quantify the passage of time. Due to the statistical nature of the second law and corresponding entropy flows, fluctuations fundamentally…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 A. N. Pearson , Y. Guryanova , P. Erker , E. A. Laird , G. A. D. Briggs , M. Huber , N. Ares

Here we explore the possibility of precise time-keeping in quantum systems using athermal resources. We show that quantum measurement engineered reservoirs can be used as athermal resources to drive the ticks of a quantum clock. Two and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-13 Sreenath K. Manikandan

In classical physics, clocks are open dissipative systems driven from thermal equilibrium and necessarily subject to thermal noise. We describe a quantum clock driven by entropy reduction through measurement. The mechanism consists of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 A. A. Gangat , G. J. Milburn

A possible mechanism of time is formulated by developing an idea of time replaced by quantum correlations, with the aid of modern quantum information theory. We invent a microscopic model, where correlations of a closed system are steadily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-14 Akimasa Miyake

The accuracy of the time information generated by clocks can be enhanced by allowing them to communicate with each other. Here we consider a basic scenario where a quantum clock receives a low-accuracy time signal as input and ask whether…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Yuxiang Yang , Lennart Baumgärtner , Ralph Silva , Renato Renner

We describe separable joint states on bipartite quantum systems that cannot be prepared by any thermodynamically reversible classical one-way communication protocol. We argue that the joint state of two synchronized microscopic clocks is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dominik Janzing , Thomas Beth

Time remains one of the least well understood concepts in physics, most notably in quantum mechanics. A central goal is to find the fundamental limits of measuring time. One of the main obstacles is the fact that time is not an observable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-08 Paul Erker , Mark T. Mitchison , Ralph Silva , Mischa P. Woods , Nicolas Brunner , Marcus Huber

The dynamics of an unique type of clock mechanism known as grasshopper escapement is investigated with the aim of evaluating its accuracy in a noisy environment. It is demonstrated that the clock's precision scales linearly with the rate of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 David Ziemkiewicz

Understanding the thermodynamic role of measurement in quantum mechanical systems is a burgeoning field of study. In this article, we study a double quantum dot (DQD) connected to two macroscopic fermionic thermal reservoirs. We assume that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Laetitia P. Bettmann , Michael J. Kewming , John Goold

Clocks are inherently out-of-equilibrium because, due to friction, they constantly consume free energy to keep track of time. The Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR) quantifies the trade-off between the precision of any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-05 Ashwin Gopal , Massimiliano Esposito , Nahuel Freitas

It has recently been reported [\textit{PNAS} \textbf{114}, 2303 (2017)] that, under an operational definition of time, quantum clocks would get entangled through gravitational effects. Here we study an alternative scenario: the clocks have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-14 Jieci Wang , Tonghua Liu , Jiliang Jing , Songbai Chen

According to thermodynamics, the inevitable increase of entropy allows the past to be distinguished from the future. From this perspective, any clock must incorporate an irreversible process that allows this flow of entropy to be tracked.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Emanuel Schwarzhans , Maximilian P. E. Lock , Paul Erker , Nicolai Friis , Marcus Huber

A recently proposed history formalism is used to define temporal entanglement in quantum systems, and compute its entropy. The procedure is based on the time-reduction of the history density operator, and allows a symmetrical treatment of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-05 Leonardo Castellani

The formulation of quantum mechanics within the framework of entropic dynamics includes several new elements. In this paper we concentrate on one of them: the implications for the theory of time. Entropic time is introduced as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-15 Ariel Caticha

Protocols for non-adiabatic quantum control often require the use of classical time varying fields. Assessing the thermodynamic cost of such protocols, however, is far from trivial. In this letter we study the irreversible entropy produced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-15 Anthony Kiely , Steve Campbell , Gabriel T. Landi

We formulate a minimal model of a quantum particle detector as an autonomous quantum thermal machine. Our goal is to establish how entropy production, which is needed to maintain the detector out of equilibrium, is linked to the quality of…

Creating precise timing devices at ultra-short time scales is not just an important technological challenge, but confronts us with foundational questions about timekeeping's ultimate precision limits. Research on clocks has either focused…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Florian Meier , Yuri Minoguchi , Gianmichele Blasi , Géraldine Haack , Marcus Huber

All clocks, classical or quantum, are open non equilibrium irreversible systems subject to the constraints of thermodynamics. Using examples I show that these constraints necessarily limit the performance of clocks and that good clocks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-30 G J Milburn

We bring a Bayesian approach to the analysis of clocks. Using exponential distributions as priors for clocks, we analyze how well one can keep time with a single qubit freely precessing under a magnetic field. We find that, at least with a…

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