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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved significant advances in a wide range of applications. However, their deployment on resource-constrained devices remains a challenge due to the large number of layers and parameters, which result in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Sara Makenali , Babak Rokh , Ali Azarpeyvand

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has achieved remarkable success across various domains, such as video games, robotics, and, recently, large language models. However, the computational costs and memory requirements of DRL models often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Heng Lu , Mehdi Alemi , Reza Rawassizadeh

In this article, we explore the challenges and evolution of two key technologies in the current field of AI: Vision Transformer model and Large Language Model (LLM). Vision Transformer captures global information by splitting images into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Yicong Li , Xing Guo , Haohua Du

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices like the Raspberry Pi presents challenges in computational efficiency, power consumption, and response latency. This paper explores quantization-based optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Mahsa Ardakani , Jinendra Malekar , Ramtin Zand

Fine-tuning transformer models after unsupervised pre-training reaches a very high performance on many different natural language processing tasks. Unfortunately, transformers suffer from long inference times which greatly increases costs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-30 David Peer , Sebastian Stabinger , Stefan Engl , Antonio Rodriguez-Sanchez

Language models have proven successful across a wide range of software engineering tasks, but their significant computational costs often hinder their practical adoption. To address this challenge, researchers have begun applying various…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Giordano d'Aloisio , Luca Traini , Federica Sarro , Antinisca Di Marco

The upscaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has yielded impressive advances in natural language processing, yet it also poses significant deployment challenges. Weight quantization has emerged as a widely embraced solution to reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Dayou Du , Yijia Zhang , Shijie Cao , Jiaqi Guo , Ting Cao , Xiaowen Chu , Ningyi Xu

State-of-the-art neural language models represented by Transformers are becoming increasingly complex and expensive for practical applications. Low-bit deep neural network quantization techniques provides a powerful solution to dramatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Junhao Xu , Shoukang Hu , Jianwei Yu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of industrial applications, from search and recommendation systems to generative tasks. Although scaling laws indicate that larger models generally…

Quantization has emerged as a promising technique for improving the memory and computational efficiency of large language models (LLMs). Though the trade-off between performance and efficiency is well-known, there is still much to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

The exponential growth of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has revolutionized artificial intelligence, offering unprecedented capabilities in natural language processing. However, the extensive computational resources required for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ashhadul Islam , Samir Brahim Belhaouari , Amine Bermak

With the rapid development of deep learning, large language models have shown strong capabilities in complex reasoning tasks such as mathematical equation solving. However, their substantial computational and storage costs hinder practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Fengming Yu , Qingyu Meng , Haiwei Pan , Kejia Zhang

Transformer plays a vital role in the realms of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV), specially for constructing large language models (LLM) and large vision models (LVM). Model compression methods reduce the memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yehui Tang , Yunhe Wang , Jianyuan Guo , Zhijun Tu , Kai Han , Hailin Hu , Dacheng Tao

Quantization is an essential and popular technique for improving the accessibility of large language models (LLMs) by reducing memory usage and computational costs while maintaining performance. In this study, we apply 4-bit Group Scaling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Sahil Sk , Debasish Dhal , Sonal Khosla , Sk Shahid , Sambit Shekhar , Akash Dhaka , Shantipriya Parida , Dilip K. Prasad , Ondřej Bojar

While Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities, their substantial computational and memory requirements pose deployment challenges on resource-constrained edge devices. Current parameter reduction techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yiran Huang , Lukas Thede , Massimiliano Mancini , Wenjia Xu , Zeynep Akata

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional reasoning abilities, enabling strong generalization across diverse tasks such as commonsense reasoning and instruction following. However, as LLMs scale, inference costs become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Rhea Sanjay Sukthanker , Benedikt Staffler , Frank Hutter , Aaron Klein

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in natural language processing, showcasing exceptional performance across various tasks. However, the expensive memory and computational requirements present significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Ruihao Gong , Yifu Ding , Zining Wang , Chengtao Lv , Xingyu Zheng , Jinyang Du , Haotong Qin , Jinyang Guo , Michele Magno , Xianglong Liu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown their remarkable capacities in many NLP tasks. However, their substantial size often presents challenges for deployment. This necessitates efficient techniques for model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Robin Baki Davidsson , Pierre Nugues

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) under resource constraints is a significant challenge in deep learning. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), pruning, and quantization are all effective methods for improving resource efficiency. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Changhai Zhou , Shiyang Zhang , Yuhua Zhou , Zekai Liu , Shichao Weng

As large language models (LLMs) scale in size and adoption, their computational and environmental costs continue to rise. Prior benchmarking efforts have primarily focused on latency reduction in idealized settings, often overlooking the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Jared Fernandez , Clara Na , Vashisth Tiwari , Yonatan Bisk , Sasha Luccioni , Emma Strubell