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Adapting pre-trained large language models (LLMs) is crucial but challenging due to their enormous size. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques typically employ additive adapters applied to frozen model weights. To further reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianyi Zhang , Junda Su , Aditya Desai , Oscar Wu , Zhaozhuo Xu , Anshumali Shrivastava

Federated Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (Fed-PEFT) enables lightweight adaptation of large pre-trained models in federated learning settings by updating only a small subset of parameters. However, Fed-PEFT methods typically assume a fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Feng Yu , Jia Hu , Geyong Min

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA, offer compact and effective alternatives to full model fine-tuning by introducing low-rank updates to pre-trained weights. However, most existing approaches rely on global low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Babak Barazandeh , Subhabrata Majumdar , Om Rajyaguru , George Michailidis

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has been prominently employed for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs). However, the limited expressive capacity of LoRA, stemming from the low-rank constraint, has been recognized as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhiwei He , Zhaopeng Tu , Xing Wang , Xingyu Chen , Zhijie Wang , Jiahao Xu , Tian Liang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang

While most current approaches rely on further training techniques, such as fine-tuning or reinforcement learning, to enhance model capacities, model merging stands out for its ability of improving models without requiring any additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zehua Liu , Han Wu , Yuxuan Yao , Ruifeng She , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has become a common practice for personalized natural language understanding (NLU) applications on downstream tasks and domain-specific datasets. However, there are two main challenges:…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) emerging as a key technique for downstream task adaptation. However, existing PEFT methods mainly operate in Euclidean space,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Buze Zhang , Jinkai Tao , Zilang Zeng , Neil He , Ali Maatouk , Menglin Yang , Rex Ying

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly underpin intelligent web applications, from chatbots to search and recommendation, where efficient specialization is essential. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables such adaptation with minimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Mengsha Kou , Xiaoyu Xia , Ziqi Wang , Ibrahim Khalil , Runkun Luo , Jingwen Zhou , Minhui Xue

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in diverse tasks across different domains, with an increasing focus on improving their zero-shot generalization capabilities for unseen multimodal tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ying Shen , Zhiyang Xu , Qifan Wang , Yu Cheng , Wenpeng Yin , Lifu Huang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) methods have gained popularity in efficient parameter fine-tuning of models containing hundreds of billions of parameters. In this work, instead, we demonstrate the application of LoRA methods to train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Lucas Grativol Ribeiro , Mathieu Leonardon , Guillaume Muller , Virginie Fresse , Matthieu Arzel

Federated Learning (FL) is a widely used framework for training models in a decentralized manner, ensuring that the central server does not have direct access to data from local clients. However, this approach may still fail to fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Sangwoo Park , Seanie Lee , Byungjoo Kim , Sung Ju Hwang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables efficient fine-tuning of pre-trained language models through low-rank matrix approximation, achieving effectiveness in many scenarios. However, its representation capacity is constrained in complex tasks…

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a widely adopted technique in text-to-image models, enabling precise rendering of multiple distinct elements, such as characters and styles, in multi-concept image generation. However, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Xiandong Zou , Mingzhu Shen , Christos-Savvas Bouganis , Yiren Zhao

Large-scale pretraining followed by task-specific finetuning has achieved great success in various NLP tasks. Since finetuning all parameters of large pretrained models poses substantial computational and memory challenges, several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Ruiyi Zhang , Rushi Qiang , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Pengtao Xie

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have gained significant attention, which aims to achieve efficient fine-tuning of LLMs with fewer parameters. As a representative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Dacao Zhang , Kun Zhang , Shimao Chu , Le Wu , Xin Li , Si Wei

Fine-tuning significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This paper aims to provide an in-depth interpretation of the fine-tuning process through circuit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xu Wang , Yan Hu , Wenyu Du , Reynold Cheng , Benyou Wang , Difan Zou

Fine-tuning adapts a pre-trained model to downstream tasks using a small amount of labeled data. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is an efficient fine-tuning method that reduces memory and computation costs while often achieving performance close…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ali Zindari , Rotem Mulayoff , Sebastian U. Stich

The training and fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) often involve diverse textual data from multiple sources, which poses challenges due to conflicting gradient directions, hindering optimization and specialization. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yinghao Li , Vianne Gao , Chao Zhang , MohamadAli Torkamani

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) is a common practice to adapt pre-trained models for specific applications. While methods like LoRA have effectively addressed GPU memory constraints during fine-tuning, their performance often falls…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Dengchun Li , Yingzi Ma , Naizheng Wang , Zhengmao Ye , Zhiyuan Cheng , Yinghao Tang , Yan Zhang , Lei Duan , Jie Zuo , Cal Yang , Mingjie Tang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as LoRA, offer a practical way to adapt large vision and language models to client tasks. However, this becomes particularly challenging under task-level heterogeneity in federated deployments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yinan Zou , Md Kamran Chowdhury Shisher , Christopher G. Brinton , Vishrant Tripathi