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Recently, federated large language models (LLMs) have drawn significant attention thanks to coupled capabilities of LLMs and federated learning (FL) that address privacy concerns in collaborative fine-tuning. However, due to large-scale…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhiwen Pang , Kang Wei , Long Shi , Zhe Wang , Jun Li , Feng Shu

Adaptability has been regarded as a central feature in the foundation models, enabling them to effectively acclimate to unseen downstream tasks. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods such as celebrated LoRA facilitate efficient adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Gagik Magakyan , Amirhossein Reisizadeh , Chanwoo Park , Pablo A. Parrilo , Asuman Ozdaglar

Little research explores the correlation between the expressive ability and generalization ability of the low-rank adaptation (LoRA). Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) improves model generalization for both Convolutional Neural Networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jiaxin Deng , Qingcheng Zhu , Junbiao Pang , Linlin Yang , Zhongqian Fu , Baochang Zhang

Fine-tuning helps large language models (LLM) recover degraded information and enhance task performance. Although Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used and effective for fine-tuning, we have observed that its scaling factor can limit or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Peiyan Dong , Changdi Yang , Xuan Shen , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) in federated settings enables privacy-preserving adaptation but suffers from cross-client interference due to model aggregation. Existing federated LoRA fine-tuning methods, primarily based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jieming Bian , Lei Wang , Letian Zhang , Jie Xu

Federated fine-tuning (FedFT) provides an effective paradigm for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) in privacy-sensitive scenarios. However, practical deployment remains challenging due to the limited resources on end devices.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Rukuo Li , Jianchun Liu , Hongli Xu , Liusheng Huang

Fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models is prohibitively expensive in terms of computation and memory costs. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a popular Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, offers an efficient solution by optimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tao Li , Zhengbao He , Yujun Li , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xiaolin Huang

Federated LoRA provides a communication-efficient mechanism for fine-tuning large language models on decentralized data. In practice, however, a discrepancy between the factor-wise averaging used to preserve low rank and the mathematically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Haoran Zhang , Dongjun Kim , Seohyeon Cha , Haris Vikalo

Recent advances in parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA), have gained significant attention for their ability to efficiently adapt large foundational models to various downstream tasks. These methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Rohan Sukumaran , Aarash Feizi , Adriana Romero-Sorian , Golnoosh Farnadi

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has risen as an innovative training strategy that updates only a select few model parameters, significantly lowering both computational and memory demands. PEFT also helps to decrease data transfer in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Shuangyi Chen , Yue Ju , Hardik Dalal , Zhongwen Zhu , Ashish Khisti

With the increasing availability of Foundation Models, federated tuning has garnered attention in the field of federated learning, utilizing data and computation resources from multiple clients to collaboratively fine-tune foundation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Shangchao Su , Bin Li , Xiangyang Xue

Large language models (LLMs) typically require fine-tuning for domain-specific tasks, and LoRA offers a computationally efficient approach by training low-rank adapters. LoRA is also communication-efficient for federated LLMs when multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ming Wen , Jiaqi Zhu , Yuedong Xu , Yipeng Zhou , Dingding Han

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) have become essential for deploying large language models, yet their static parameter allocation remains suboptimal for inputs of varying complexity. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zongqian Li , Yixuan Su , Han Zhou , Zihao Fu , Nigel Collier

Pre-trained foundation models (FMs), with extensive number of neurons, are key to advancing next-generation intelligence services, where personalizing these models requires massive amount of task-specific data and computational resources.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-04 Zixin Wang , Yong Zhou , Yuanming Shi , Khaled. B. Letaief

Low-Rank Adaptation~(LoRA), which updates the dense neural network layers with pluggable low-rank matrices, is one of the best performed parameter efficient fine-tuning paradigms. Furthermore, it has significant advantages in cross-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Yuren Mao , Yuhang Ge , Yijiang Fan , Wenyi Xu , Yu Mi , Zhonghao Hu , Yunjun Gao

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) and its variants are widely employed in fine-tuning large models, including large language models for natural language processing and diffusion models for computer vision. This paper proposes a generalized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xiangyu Chen , Jing Liu , Ye Wang , Pu Perry Wang , Matthew Brand , Guanghui Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have emphasized the critical role of fine-tuning (FT) techniques in adapting LLMs to specific tasks, especially when retraining from scratch is computationally infeasible. Fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiao Han , Zimo Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Maolin Wang , Zitao Liu , Yi Chang , Xiangyu Zhao

Integrating Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) into federated learning offers a promising solution for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) without sharing local data. However, several methods designed for federated LoRA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hariharan Ramesh , Jyotikrishna Dass

Existing resource-adaptive LoRA federated fine-tuning methods enable clients to fine-tune models using compressed versions of global LoRA matrices, in order to accommodate various compute resources across clients. This compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Khiem Le , Tuan Tran , Ting Hua , Nitesh V. Chawla

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a prominent paradigm for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs). Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as LoRA, are widely adopted to adapt pretrained MoE LLMs to downstream tasks. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Guanzhi Deng , Bo Li , Ronghao Chen , Xiujin Liu , Zhuo Han , Huacan Wang , Lijie Wen , Linqi Song
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