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A new covariant generalization of Einstein's general relativity is developed which allows the existence of a term proportional to $T_{\alpha\beta}T^{\alpha\beta}$ in the action functional of the theory ($T_{\alpha\beta}$ is the…
We have shown that the varying physical constant model is consistent with the recently published variational approach wherein Einstein equations are modified to include the variation of the speed of light c, gravitational constant G and…
We propose a revised formulation of General Relativity for cosmological settings, in which the Einstein constant varies with the energy density of the Universe. We demonstrate that this modification has only phenomenological impact of…
We use lookback time versus redshift data from galaxy clusters (Capozziello et al., 2004) and passively evolving galaxies (Simon et al., 2005), and apply a bayesian prior on the total age of the Universe based on WMAP measurements, to…
One of the greatest challenges in cosmology today is to determine the nature of dark energy, the source of the observed present acceleration of the universe. High precision experiments are being developed to reduce the uncertainties in the…
Recent results have shown that a field non-minimally coupled to the electromagnetic Lagrangian can induce a violation of the Einstein equivalence principle. { This kind of coupling is present in a very wide class of gravitation theories.}…
We investigate the running cosmological constant model with dark energy linearly proportional to the Hubble parameter, $\Lambda = \sigma H + \Lambda_0$, in which the $\Lambda$CDM limit is recovered by taking $\sigma=0$. We derive the linear…
Cosmic acceleration is widely believed to require either a source of negative pressure (i.e., dark energy), or a modification of gravity, which necessarily implies new degrees of freedom beyond those of Einstein gravity. In this paper we…
The linear increase of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature with cosmological redshift, $T_{\rm CMB} = T_0(1 + z)$, is a prediction of the standard cosmological $\Lambda$CDM model. There are currently two methods to measure…
We constrain plausible dark energy models, parametrized by multiple candidate equation of state, using the recently published Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropy data from Planck together with the WMAP-9 low-$\ell$…
The ages of two old galaxies (53W091, 53W069) at high redshifts are used to constrain the value of the cosmological constant in a flat universe ($\Lambda$CDM) and the density parameter $\Omega_M$ in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) models…
We reconstruct the neutrino mass as a function of redshift, z, from current cosmological data using both standard binned priors and linear spline priors with variable knots. Using cosmic microwave background temperature, polarization and…
With the basic cosmological relations that agree with the recent observations, simple expressions are suggested concerning the value of cosmological constant($\Lambda$). A large contribution of quantum vacuum to the energy momentum tensor…
We consider a novel mechanism to account for the observed distance-redshift relation. This is done by presenting a toy model for the large-scale matter distribution in a static Universe. Our model mainly concerns particles with masses far…
We propose a new model of cosmology based on an anisotropic background and a specific $f(R)$ theory of gravity. It is shown that field equations of $f(R)$ gravity in a Bianchi type I background give rise to a modified Friedmann equation.…
We investigate the thermodynamic and phenomenological implications of a cosmological model governed by fractional entropy applied to the apparent horizon of a flat Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe. By utilizing the…
An accelerated expansion phase is being experienced by the universe due to the presence of an unknown energy component known as dark energy (DE). To find out the cosmic evolution scientists ever tried to modify Einstein's gravitational…
The cosmological constant $\Lambda$ is a free parameter in Einstein's equations of gravity. We propose to fix its value with a boundary condition: test particles should be free when outside causal contact, e.g. at infinity. Under this…
In this paper, we study a model which is composed by the cosmological constant and dark matter with nonzero equation of state parameter, which could be called as $\Lambda$wDM. In the synchronous gauge, we obtain the perturbation equations…
We investigate the capability of Einstein Telescope to constrain the cosmological parameters of the non-flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model. Two types of mock datasets are considered depending on whether or not a short Gamma-Ray Burst is…