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DLRM is a state-of-the-art recommendation system model that has gained widespread adoption across various industry applications. The large size of DLRM models, however, necessitates the use of multiple devices/GPUs for efficient training. A…

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities but face deployment challenges due to their massive parameter counts. While existing compression techniques like pruning can reduce model size, it leads to significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Gansen Hu , Zhaoguo Wang , Jinglin Wei , Wei Huang , Haibo Chen

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have made a significant impact on various domains. However, LLMs' efficiency suffers from both heavy computation and memory overheads. Compression techniques like sparsification and…

Various hardware accelerators have been developed for energy-efficient and real-time inference of neural networks on edge devices. However, most training is done on high-performance GPUs or servers, and the huge memory and computing costs…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Kaiqi Zhang , Cole Hawkins , Xiyuan Zhang , Cong Hao , Zheng Zhang

Prompt engineering enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks. However, lengthy prompts significantly increase computational complexity and economic costs. To address this issue, we study six prompt compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Zheng Zhang , Jinyi Li , Yihuai Lan , Xiang Wang , Hao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver exceptional performance across natural language tasks but demand substantial computational resources, limiting their deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. Existing compression techniques, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Khurram Khalil , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

The Key-Value (KV) cache is a crucial component in serving transformer-based autoregressive large language models (LLMs), enabling faster inference by storing previously computed KV vectors. However, its memory consumption scales linearly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Rongzhi Zhang , Kuang Wang , Liyuan Liu , Shuohang Wang , Hao Cheng , Chao Zhang , Yelong Shen

Tensor networks have in recent years emerged as the powerful tools for solving the large-scale optimization problems. One of the most popular tensor network is tensor train (TT) decomposition that acts as the building blocks for the…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2016-06-20 Qibin Zhao , Guoxu Zhou , Shengli Xie , Liqing Zhang , Andrzej Cichocki

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Large language models (LLM) and vision-language models (VLM) have achieved state-of-the-art performance, but they impose significant memory and computing challenges in deployment. We present a novel low-rank compression framework to address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Ryan Solgi , Parsa Madinei , Jiayi Tian , Rupak Swaminathan , Jing Liu , Nathan Susanj , Zheng Zhang

The reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be improved by structurally denoising their weights, yet existing techniques primarily focus on denoising the feed-forward network (FFN) of the transformer block, and can not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yuxuan Gu , Wuyang Zhou , Giorgos Iacovides , Danilo Mandic

Recent work explored the potential of large-scale Transformer-based pre-trained models, especially Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) in natural language processing. This raises many concerns from various perspectives, e.g., financial costs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Yuxin Ren , Benyou Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Extensive efforts have been made to boost the performance in the domain of language models by introducing various attention-based transformers. However, the inclusion of linear layers with large dimensions contributes to significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Priyansh Bhatnagar , Linfeng Wen , Mingu Kang

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly scaled in size, bringing severe memory and computational challenges that hinder their deployment. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)-based compression has emerged as an appealing post-training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhendong Mi , Bian Sun , Grace Li Zhang , Shaoyi Huang

Tensor Train~(TT) decomposition is widely used in the machine learning and quantum physics communities as a popular tool to efficiently compress high-dimensional tensor data. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm to accelerate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Vivek Bharadwaj , Beheshteh T. Rakhshan , Osman Asif Malik , Guillaume Rabusseau

With the wide adoption of language models for IR -- and specifically RAG systems -- the latency of the underlying LLM becomes a crucial bottleneck, since the long contexts of retrieved passages lead large prompts and therefore, compute…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Cornelius Kummer , Lena Jurkschat , Michael Färber , Sahar Vahdati

Despite the impressive performance of LLMs, their widespread adoption faces challenges due to substantial computational and memory requirements during inference. Recent advancements in model compression and system-level optimization methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Arnav Chavan , Raghav Magazine , Shubham Kushwaha , Mérouane Debbah , Deepak Gupta

Transformers have emerged as the backbone of large language models (LLMs). However, generation remains inefficient due to the need to store in memory a cache of key-value representations for past tokens, whose size scales linearly with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Piotr Nawrot , Adrian Łańcucki , Marcin Chochowski , David Tarjan , Edoardo M. Ponti

In this paper, first, a hardware-friendly pruning algorithm for reducing energy consumption and improving the speed of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network accelerators is presented. Next, an FPGA-based platform for efficient…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Seyed Abolfazl Ghasemzadeh , Erfan Bank Tavakoli , Mehdi Kamal , Ali Afzali-Kusha , Massoud Pedram

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance in generative tasks but also introduce significant challenges in real-world serving due to inefficient use of the expensive, computation-optimized accelerators.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Shaoyuan Chen , Wencong Xiao , Yutong Lin , Mingxing Zhang , Yingdi Shan , Jinlei Jiang , Kang Chen , Yongwei Wu