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We demonstrate that Principal Component Analysis (PCA), when applied in a structured manner, either to polar-transformed images or segment-wise to token sequences, enables extreme compression of neural models without sacrificing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Magnus Bengtsson

In this paper we analyze approximate methods for undertaking a principal components analysis (PCA) on large data sets. PCA is a classical dimension reduction method that involves the projection of the data onto the subspace spanned by the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-16 Darren Homrighausen , Daniel J. McDonald

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for grounding large language models in external knowledge sources, improving the precision of agents responses. However, high-dimensional language model embeddings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Arman Khaledian , Amirreza Ghadiridehkordi , Nariman Khaledian

In this paper, we propose a novel approach named by Discriminative Principal Component Analysis which is abbreviated as Discriminative PCA in order to enhance separability of PCA by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The proposed method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Hanli Qiao

In the course of the last century, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have become one of the pillars of modern scientific methods. Although PCA is normally addressed as a statistical tool aiming at finding orthogonal directions on which the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Yariv Aizenbud , Barak Sober

The statistical analysis of tree structured data is a new topic in statistics with wide application areas. Some Principal Component Analysis (PCA) ideas were previously developed for binary tree spaces. In this study, we extend these ideas…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-02-14 Carlos A. Alfaro , Burcu Aydın , Elizabeth Bullitt , Alim Ladha , Carlos E. Valencia

Principle Component Analysis PCA is a classical feature extraction and data representation technique widely used in pattern recognition. It is one of the most successful techniques in face recognition. But it has drawback of high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2012-06-26 Manal Abdullah , Majda Wazzan , Sahar Bo-saeed

Principal component analysis (PCA) is recognised as a quintessential data analysis technique when it comes to describing linear relationships between the features of a dataset. However, the well-known sensitivity of PCA to non-Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-28 Jean P. Chereau , Bruno Scalzo Dees , Danilo P. Mandic

Generalized principal component analysis (GLM-PCA) facilitates dimension reduction of non-normally distributed data. We provide a detailed derivation of GLM-PCA with a focus on optimization. We also demonstrate how to incorporate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-08 F. William Townes

Principal component analysis (PCA) is often used to reduce the dimension of data by selecting a few orthonormal vectors that explain most of the variance structure of the data. L1 PCA uses the L1 norm to measure error, whereas the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-04 Young Woong Park , Diego Klabjan

We consider principal component analysis (PCA) in decomposable Gaussian graphical models. We exploit the prior information in these models in order to distribute its computation. For this purpose, we reformulate the problem in the sparse…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-13 Ami Wiesel , Alfred O. Hero

We extend the principal component analysis (PCA) to second-order stationary vector time series in the sense that we seek for a contemporaneous linear transformation for a $p$-variate time series such that the transformed series is segmented…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-21 Jinyuan Chang , Bin Guo , Qiwei Yao

Terahertz (THz) systems inherently introduce frequency-dependent degradation effects, resulting in low-frequency blurring and high-frequency noise in amplitude images. Conventional image processing techniques cannot simultaneously address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Pengfei Zhu , Stefano Sfarra , Hai Zhang , Carlo Santulli , Elana Pivarciova , Fabrizio Sarasini , Xavier Maldague

Principal component analysis (PCA) defines a reduced space described by PC axes for a given multidimensional-data sequence to capture the variations of the data. In practice, we need multiple data sequences that accurately obey individual…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-19 Ikuo Fukuda , Kei Moritsugu

Deep learning models hold state of the art performance in many fields, yet their design is still based on heuristics or grid search methods that often result in overparametrized networks. This work proposes a method to analyze a trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Isha Garg , Priyadarshini Panda , Kaushik Roy

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most important methods to handle high dimensional data. However, most of the studies on PCA aim to minimize the loss after projection, which usually measures the Euclidean distance, though in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Kai Liu , Qiuwei Li , Hua Wang , Gongguo Tang

We discuss the problem of estimating the number of principal components in Principal Com- ponents Analysis (PCA). Despite of the importance of the problem and the multitude of solutions proposed in the literature, it comes as a surprise…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-07-06 Piotr Sobczyk , Malgorzata Bogdan , Julie Josse

Principal component analysis (PCA) can be significantly limited when there is too few examples of the target data of interest. We propose a transfer learning approach to PCA (TL-PCA) where knowledge from a related source task is used in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Sharon Hendy , Yehuda Dar

In this brief note, we formulate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) over datasets consisting not of points but of distributions, characterized by their location and covariance. Just like the usual PCA on points can be equivalently derived…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-26 Vlad Niculae

As a widely used method in machine learning, principal component analysis (PCA) shows excellent properties for dimensionality reduction. It is a serious problem that PCA is sensitive to outliers, which has been improved by numerous Robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Shenglan Liu , Yang Yu