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This study proposes a bi-level optimization program to represent the electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure design and utilization management problem with user-equilibrium (UE) decisions. The upper level aims to minimize total…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Amir Mirheli , Leila Hajibabai

We present a new model for finding the optimal placement of electric vehicle charging stations across a multi-period time frame so as to maximise electric vehicle adoption. Via the use of advanced discrete choice models and user classes,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-26 Steven Lamontagne , Margarida Carvalho , Emma Frejinger , Bernard Gendron , Miguel F. Anjos , Ribal Atallah

Electric vehicles (EVs) require substantially longer refueling times than gasoline vehicles, which can generate severe congestion at charging stations when demand concentrates. We propose a two-stage allocation framework for EV charging…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-18 Ruiwu Liu , Yangjian Zhu

Electric vehicle (EV) fleets are expected to become an increasingly important source of flexibility for power system operations. However, accurately capturing the flexibility potential of numerous and heterogeneous EVs remains a significant…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Philipp Härtel , Michael von Bonin

Electric Vehicles' (EVs) growing number has various consequences, from reducing greenhouse gas emissions and local pollution to altering traffic congestion and electricity consumption. More specifically, decisions of operators from both the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-13 Benoît Sohet , Yezekael Hayel , Olivier Beaude , Alban Jeandin

This work addresses electric vehicle (EV) charging station placement through a bi-level optimization model, where the upper-level planner maximizes net revenue by selecting station locations under budget constraints, while EV users at the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Mobina Nankali , Michael W. Levin

In order to foster electric vehicle (EV) adoption, there is a strong need for designing and developing charging stations that can accommodate different customer classes, distinguished by their charging preferences, needs, and technologies.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-02-06 Islam Safak Bayram , Ali Tajer , Mohamed Abdallah , Khalid Qaraqe

For a reduction in environmental pollution and dependency on petroleum, electric vehicles (EV) present an advantageous alternative to traditionally fossil-fuel powered automobiles. Rapid growth in the number of EVs requires an urgent need…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-17 Anna Elisabeth Kastner , Peter Greistorfer , Rostislav Staněk

Electric vehicle (EV) charging couples the operation of power and traffic networks. Specifically, the power network determines the charging price at various locations, while EVs on the traffic network optimize the charging power given the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Yufan Zhang , Sujit Dey , Yuanyuan Shi

A major barrier to wide adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is the absence of reliable and equitable charging infrastructure. Poorly located charging stations create coverage gaps and slow down EV adoption, especially in underserved…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Hamid Najafzad , Moddassir Khan Nayeem , Fuhad Ahmed Opu , Omar Abbaas , Gabriel Nicolosi

With the increasing effects of climate change, the urgency to step away from fossil fuels is greater than ever before. Electric vehicles (EVs) are one way to diminish these effects, but their widespread adoption is often limited by the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-12 Pierre-Luc Parent , Margarida Carvalho , Miguel F. Anjos , Ribal Atallah

This paper proposes a two-stage optimization framework to evaluate whether cost-optimal electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure translates into effective operation under distribution grid constraints. The proposed approach explicitly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Biswarup Mukherjee

Low cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) need multiple refuels to accomplish large area coverage. The number of refueling stations and their placement plays a vital role in determining coverage efficiency. In this paper, we propose the use…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-05-14 Parikshit Maini , Kaarthik Sundar , Sivakumar Rathinam , PB Sujit

This paper presents a framework for simultaneous bidding and pricing strategy for wholesale market participation of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations aggregator. The proposed framework incorporates the EV charging stations' technical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-14 Mohammad Mousavi , Li "Lisa" Qi , Alexander Brissette , Meng Wu

Electrifying demand-responsive transport systems need to plan the charging infrastructure carefully, considering the trade-offs of charging efficiency and charging infrastructure costs. Earlier studies assume a fully electrified fleet and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Haruko Nakao , Tai-Yu Ma , Richard D. Connors , Francesco Viti

Bilevel optimization, a well-established field for modeling hierarchical decision-making problems, has recently intersected with sustainability studies and practices, resulting in a series of works focusing on bilevel optimization problems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Giulia Caselli , Manuel Iori , Ivana Ljubić

Increasing the adoption of Electric Vehicles (EV) is an integral part of many strategies to address climate change and air pollution. However, Electric Vehicle adoption rates are inhibited by several factors which reduce the confidence of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Johnny Tiu , Shankar Ramharack , Patrick Hosein

This paper presents a comprehensive review of techniques proposed in the literature for solving bilevel optimization problems encountered in various real-life applications. Bilevel optimization is an appropriate choice for hierarchical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Dhaval Pujara , Ankur Sinha

The energy transition in transportation benefits from demand-based models to determine the optimal placement of refueling stations for alternative fuel vehicles such as battery electric trucks. A formulation known as the refueling station…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Nicholas Nordlund , Leandros Tassiulas , Jan-Hendrik Lange

Global infrastructure robustness and local transport efficiency are critical requirements for transportation networks. However, since passengers often travel greedily to maximize their own benefit and trigger traffic jams, overall…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-01-09 Alessandro Lonardi , Caterina De Bacco
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