Related papers: Estimands for Early Phase Dose Optimization Trials…

We present a method of directly optimizing on deviations in clinical goal values in radiation therapy treatment planning. Using a new mathematical framework in which metrics derived from the dose-volume histogram are regarded as functionals…

In cancer biomarker development, a key objective is to evaluate whether a new biomarker, when combined with an established one, improves early cancer detection compared to using the established biomarker alone. Incremental value is often…

Most statistical tests for treatment effects used in randomized clinical trials with survival outcomes are based on the proportional hazards assumption, which often fails in practice. Data from early exploratory studies may provide evidence…

A/B testing is critical for modern technological companies to evaluate the effectiveness of newly developed products against standard baselines. This paper studies optimal designs that aim to maximize the amount of information obtained from…

In this paper, the tools provided by the theory of Optimal Experimental Design are applied to a nonlinear calibration model. This is motivated by the need of estimating radiation doses using radiochromic films for radiotherapy purposes. The…

This paper introduces the OPIAID algorithm, a novel approach for predicting and recommending personalized opioid dosages for individual patients. The algorithm optimizes pain management while minimizing opioid related adverse events (ORADE)…

In the fast-moving world of AI, as organizations and researchers develop more advanced models, they face challenges due to their sheer size and computational demands. Deploying such models on edge devices or in resource-constrained…

The aim of this chapter is to provide a brief introduction into the basics of a top-down multilevel tumor dynamics modeling method primarily based on discrete entity consideration and manipulation. The method is clinically oriented, one of…

Recent FDA guidance on adaptive clinical trial designs defines bias as "a systematic tendency for the estimate of treatment effect to deviate from its true value", and states that it is desirable to obtain and report estimates of treatment…

Dynamic treatment regimes formalize precision medicine as a sequence of decision rules, one for each stage of clinical intervention, that map current patient information to a recommended intervention. Optimal regimes are typically defined…

Health policy decisions regarding patient treatment strategies require consideration of both treatment effectiveness and cost. Optimizing treatment rules with respect to effectiveness may result in prohibitively expensive strategies; on the…

Radiotherapy planning is a critical aspect of cancer treatment, where the optimal selection of beam directions and dose distributions significantly impacts treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. Traditionally, this process involves…

The concept of personalised medicine in cancer therapy is becoming increasingly important. There already exist drugs administered specifically for patients with tumours presenting well-defined mutations. However, the field is still in its…

In many important applications of precision medicine, the outcome of interest is time to an event (e.g., death, relapse of disease) and the primary goal is to identify the optimal individualized decision rule (IDR) to prolong survival time.…

Precision oncology, the genetic sequencing of tumors to identify druggable targets, has emerged as the standard of care in the treatment of many cancers. Nonetheless, due to the pace of therapy development and variability in patient…

We consider the problem of estimating a dose-response curve. Continuous treatments arise often in practice, e.g. in the form of time spent on an operation, distance traveled to a location or dosage of a drug. Letting $A$ denote a continuous…

Phase I dose-finding studies aim at identifying the maximal tolerated dose (MTD). It is not uncommon that several dose-finding studies are conducted, although often with some variation in the administration mode or dose panel. For instance,…

A mathematical model for time development of metastases and their distribution in size and carrying capacity is presented. The model is used to theoretically investigate anti-cancer therapies such as surgery and chemical treatments…

For many years Phase I and Phase II clinical trials were conducted separately, but there was a recent shift to combine these Phases. While a variety of Phase~I/II model-based designs for cytotoxic agents were proposed in the literature,…

The problem of chemotherapy treatment optimization can be defined in order to minimize the size of the tumor without endangering the patient's health; therefore, chemotherapy requires to achieve a number of objectives, simultaneously. For…