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To achieve the goal of providing the best possible care to each patient, physicians need to customize treatments for patients with the same diagnosis, especially when treating diseases that can progress further and require additional…
An individualized treatment rule (ITR) is a decision rule that aims to improve individual patients health outcomes by recommending optimal treatments according to patients specific information. In observational studies, collected data may…
Accurate models of clinical actions and their impacts on disease progression are critical for estimating personalized optimal dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) in medical/health research, especially in managing chronic conditions.…
A dynamic treatment regime is a sequence of treatment decision rules tailored to an individual's evolving status over time. In precision medicine, much focus has been placed on finding an optimal dynamic treatment regime which, if followed…
Truncation by death, a prevalent challenge in critical care, renders traditional dynamic treatment regime (DTR) evaluation inapplicable due to ill-defined potential outcomes. We introduce a principal stratification-based method, focusing on…
This note introduces a doubly robust (DR) estimator for regression discontinuity (RD) designs. RD designs provide a quasi-experimental framework for estimating treatment effects, where treatment assignment depends on whether a running…
In precision medicine, one of the most important problems is estimating the optimal individualized treatment rules (ITR), which typically involves recommending treatment decisions based on fully observed individual characteristics of…
This study examines the performance of traditional round dowels in concrete floors and attempts to optimize the design of dowels through Finite Element (FE) analysis. A new type of Double-Tapered Round (DTR) dowels is proposed, and the…
Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) aim to formalize personalized medicine by tailoring treatment decisions to individual patient characteristics. G-estimation for DTR identification targets the parameters of a structural nested mean model…
This chapter describes how a posteriori error estimates targeting a user-defined quantity of interest, using the Dual Weighted Residual (DWR) technique, can be easily applied for biomechanical simulations in current engineering practice.…
An optimal individualized treatment rule (ITR) is a function that takes a patient's characteristics, such as demographics, biomarkers, and treatment history, and outputs a treatment that is expected to give the best outcome for that…
Observational cohort studies are increasingly being used for comparative effectiveness research to assess the safety of therapeutics. Recently, various doubly robust methods have been proposed for average treatment effect estimation by…
Cluster-level dynamic treatment regimens can be used to guide sequential, intervention or treatment decision-making at the cluster level in order to improve outcomes at the individual or patient-level. In a cluster-level DTR, the…
Estimating dynamic treatment effects is a crucial endeavor in causal inference, particularly when confronted with high-dimensional confounders. Doubly robust (DR) approaches have emerged as promising tools for estimating treatment effects…
Dynamic treatment regimes (DTR) are sequential decision rules corresponding to several stages of intervention. Each rule maps patients' covariates to optional treatments. The optimal dynamic treatment regime is the one that maximizes the…
In recent years, large amounts of electronic health records (EHRs) concerning chronic diseases have been collected to facilitate medical diagnosis. Modeling the dynamic properties of EHRs related to chronic diseases can be efficiently done…
Quantile optimal treatment regimes (OTRs) aim to assign treatments that maximize a specified quantile of patients' outcomes. Compared to treatment regimes that target the mean outcomes, quantile OTRs offer fairer regimes when a lower…
Precision medicine is of considerable interest in clinical, academic and regulatory parties. The key to precision medicine is the optimal treatment regime. Recently, Zhou et al. (2017) developed residual weighted learning (RWL) to construct…
Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) provide a systematic approach for making sequential treatment decisions that adapt to individual patient characteristics, particularly in clinical contexts where survival outcomes are of interest.…
Individualized treatment rule (ITR) recommends treatment on the basis of individual patient characteristics and the previous history of applied treatments and their outcomes. Despite the fact there are many ways to estimate ITR with binary…