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Language modeling is a fundamental task in natural language processing, which has been thoroughly explored with various architectures and hyperparameters. However, few studies focus on the effect of sub-word segmentation on the performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Jue Hou , Anisia Katinskaia , Anh-Duc Vu , Roman Yangarber

Transformer is a ubiquitous model for natural language processing and has attracted wide attentions in computer vision. The attention maps are indispensable for a transformer model to encode the dependencies among input tokens. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Yujing Wang , Yaming Yang , Jiangang Bai , Mingliang Zhang , Jing Bai , Jing Yu , Ce Zhang , Gao Huang , Yunhai Tong

Developing NLP models traditionally involves two stages - training and application. Retention of information acquired after training (at application time) is architecturally limited by the size of the model's context window (in the case of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Arseny Moskvichev , James A. Liu

Since hardware resources are limited, the objective of training deep learning models is typically to maximize accuracy subject to the time and memory constraints of training and inference. We study the impact of model size in this setting,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Zhuohan Li , Eric Wallace , Sheng Shen , Kevin Lin , Kurt Keutzer , Dan Klein , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Syntactic Language Models (SLMs) can be trained efficiently to reach relatively high performance; however, they have trouble with inference efficiency due to the explicit generation of syntactic structures. In this paper, we propose a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Ryo Yoshida , Taiga Someya , Yohei Oseki

Large transformer-based models are able to perform in-context few-shot learning, without being explicitly trained for it. This observation raises the question: what aspects of the training regime lead to this emergent behavior? Here, we…

Neural networks using transformer-based architectures have recently demonstrated great power and flexibility in modeling sequences of many types. One of the core components of transformer networks is the attention layer, which allows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Matthew Spellings

Recently multimodal transformer models have gained popularity because their performance on language and vision tasks suggest they learn rich visual-linguistic representations. Focusing on zero-shot image retrieval tasks, we study three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Lisa Anne Hendricks , John Mellor , Rosalia Schneider , Jean-Baptiste Alayrac , Aida Nematzadeh

We present a concise architecture for joint training on sentences and structured data while keeping knowledge and language representations separable. The model treats knowledge graphs and hypergraphs as structured instances with role slots…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Mahesh Godavarti

Recent latent tree learning models can learn constituency parsing without any exposure to human-annotated tree structures. One such model is ON-LSTM (Shen et al., 2019), which is trained on language modelling and has near-state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Yian Zhang

This study investigates the in-context learning capabilities of various decoder-only transformer-based language models with different model sizes and training data, including GPT2, SmolLM2, OpenELM, TinyLlama, Stable LM, and Gemma 2. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Yen-Che Hsiao , Abhishek Dutta

The Transformer model has revolutionized Natural Language Processing tasks such as Neural Machine Translation, and many efforts have been made to study the Transformer architecture, which increased its efficiency and accuracy. One potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Daniela N. Rim , Kimera Richard , Heeyoul Choi

Transformer plays a vital role in the realms of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV), specially for constructing large language models (LLM) and large vision models (LVM). Model compression methods reduce the memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yehui Tang , Yunhe Wang , Jianyuan Guo , Zhijun Tu , Kai Han , Hailin Hu , Dacheng Tao

Two of the central factors believed to underpin human sentence processing difficulty are expectations and retrieval from working memory. A recent attempt to create a unified cognitive model integrating these two factors relied on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 William Timkey , Tal Linzen

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly exhibit strong reasoning abilities, often attributed to their capacity to generate chain-of-thought-style intermediate reasoning. Recent work suggests that exposure to code can further enhance these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Lukas Twist , Shu Yang , Hanqi Yan , Jingzhi Gong , Di Wang , Helen Yannakoudakis , Jie M. Zhang

Despite the rapid evolution of training paradigms, the decoder backbone of large vision--language models (LVLMs) remains fundamentally rooted in the residual-connection Transformer architecture. Therefore, deciphering the distinct roles of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Gongli Xi , Ye Tian , Mengyu Yang , Huahui Yi , Liang Lin , Xiaoshuai Hao , Kun Wang , Wendong Wang

Pretraining language models directly on web-scale corpora is the de facto paradigm. We study an alternative where the model is initially exposed to abstract structured data to ease the subsequent acquisition of rich semantic knowledge, much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Liangze Jiang , Zachary Shinnick , Anton van den Hengel , Hemanth Saratchandran , Damien Teney

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a fixture in modern machine learning. Correspondingly, significant resources are allocated towards research that aims to further advance this technology, typically resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Pratyusha Sharma , Jordan T. Ash , Dipendra Misra

Text classification is one of the most widely studied tasks in natural language processing. Motivated by the principle of compositionality, large multilayer neural network models have been employed for this task in an attempt to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Devendra Singh Sachan , Manzil Zaheer , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

The effect of regularizers such as weight decay when training deep neural networks is not well understood. We study the influence of weight decay as well as $L2$-regularization when training neural network models in which parameter matrices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Seijin Kobayashi , Yassir Akram , Johannes Von Oswald
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