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Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited exceptional performance across a spectrum of natural language processing tasks. However, their substantial sizes pose considerable challenges, particularly in computational demands and inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Guoxuan Chen , Han Shi , Jiawei Li , Yihang Gao , Xiaozhe Ren , Yimeng Chen , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Weiyang Liu , Chao Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks by understanding input information and predicting corresponding outputs. However, the internal mechanisms by which LLMs comprehend input and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zhou Yang , Zhengyu Qi , Zhaochun Ren , Zhikai Jia , Haizhou Sun , Xiaofei Zhu , Xiangwen Liao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising efficacy across various tasks, becoming powerful tools in numerous aspects of human life. However, Transformer-based LLMs suffer a performance degradation when modeling long-term contexts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Weiyao Luo , Suncong Zheng , Heming Xia , Weikang Wang , Yan Lei , Tianyu Liu , Shuang Chen , Zhifang Sui

Large language models (LLMs) are in need of sufficient contexts to handle many critical applications, such as retrieval augmented generation and few-shot learning. However, due to the constrained window size, the LLMs can only access to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Ninglu Shao , Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks. However, their widespread application is hindered by the resource-intensive decoding process. To address this challenge, current approaches have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Ziqian Zeng , Jiahong Yu , Qianshi Pang , Zihao Wang , Huiping Zhuang , Hongen Shao , Xiaofeng Zou

All languages are equal; when it comes to tokenization, some are more equal than others. Tokens are the hidden currency that dictate the cost and latency of access to contemporary LLMs. However, many languages written in non-Latin scripts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Maitrey Mehta , Nishant Subramani , Zhichao Xu , Ashim Gupta , Vivek Srikumar

Large language models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous in practice and are widely used for generation tasks such as translation, summarization and instruction following. However, their enormous size and reliance on autoregressive decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Benjamin Bergner , Andrii Skliar , Amelie Royer , Tijmen Blankevoort , Yuki Asano , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications is increasingly limited by their high inference cost. While recent advances in dynamic token-level computation allocation attempt to improve efficiency by selectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Chao Han , Yijuan Liang , Zihao Xuan , Daokuan Wu , Wei Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver exceptional performance across natural language tasks but demand substantial computational resources, limiting their deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. Existing compression techniques, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Khurram Khalil , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on long-context modeling for tasks such as document understanding, code analysis, and multi-step reasoning. However, scaling context windows to the million-token level brings prohibitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jiale Cheng , Yusen Liu , Xinyu Zhang , Yulin Fei , Wenyi Hong , Ruiliang Lyu , Weihan Wang , Zhe Su , Xiaotao Gu , Xiao Liu , Yushi Bai , Jie Tang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tasks requiring reasoning and multi-step problem-solving through the use of chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting. However, generating the full CoT process results in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Tianqiao Liu , Zui Chen , Zitao Liu , Mi Tian , Weiqi Luo

Reasoning is critical for large language models (LLMs) to excel in a wide range of tasks. While methods like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning and enhance LLM performance by decomposing problems into intermediate steps, they also incur…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tingxu Han , Zhenting Wang , Chunrong Fang , Shiyu Zhao , Shiqing Ma , Zhenyu Chen

Due to the substantial scale of Large Language Models (LLMs), the direct application of conventional compression methodologies proves impractical. The computational demands associated with even minimal gradient updates present challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Arnav Chavan , Nahush Lele , Deepak Gupta

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across diverse tasks. However, their deployment in long-context scenarios faces high computational overhead and information redundancy. While soft prompt compression has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiwei Tang , Zhijing Huang , Xinyu Zhang , Chen Jason Zhang , Jianxing Yu , Libin Zheng , Rui Meng , Jian Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) incur significant computational and memory costs when processing long prompts, as full self-attention scales quadratically with input length. Token compression aims to address this challenge by reducing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zihao Xu , John Harvill , Ziwei Fan , Yizhou Sun , Hao Ding , Hao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have triggered a new stream of research focusing on compressing the context length to reduce the computational cost while ensuring the retention of helpful information for LLMs to answer the given question.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Barys Liskavets , Maxim Ushakov , Shuvendu Roy , Mark Klibanov , Ali Etemad , Shane Luke

Human communication heavily relies on laconism and inferential pragmatics, allowing listeners to successfully reconstruct rich meaning from sparse, telegraphic speech. In contrast, large language models (LLMs) owe much of their stellar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Syed Rifat Raiyan , Md Farhan Ishmam , Abdullah Al Imran , Mohammad Ali Moni

We introduce compression laws for language language models (LLMs). While recent scaling laws have sought to understand how LLMs scale with respect to model size, pre-training data, and computational resources, we focus on understanding how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ayan Sengupta , Siddhant Chaudhary , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) incur substantial inference costs due to the processing of a vast number of visual tokens. Existing methods typically struggle to model progressive visual token reduction as a multi-step decision process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sihan Cao , Jianwei Zhang , Pengcheng Zheng , Jiaxin Yan , Caiyan Qin , Yalan Ye , Wei Dong , Peng Wang , Yang Yang , Chaoning Zhang

Test-time scaling has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle complex reasoning, yet the limitations of current Chain-of-Thought (CoT) evaluation obscures whether performance gains stem from genuine reasoning or mere verbosity. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zhizhang Fu , Yuancheng Gu , Chenkai Hu , Hanmeng Liu , Yue Zhang