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Symbolic control problems aim to synthesize control policies for dynamical systems under complex temporal specifications. For such problems, Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is increasingly used as the formal specification language due to its…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-17 Shirantha Welikala , Hai Lin , Panos J. Antsaklis

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) designed in simulators behave differently in the real-world. Once they are deployed in the real-world, we would hence like to predict system failures during runtime. We propose robust predictive runtime…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Yiqi Zhao , Bardh Hoxha , Georgios Fainekos , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Lars Lindemann

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a widely adopted specification language in cyber-physical systems for expressing critical temporal requirements, such as safety conditions and response time. However, STL's expressivity is not sufficient to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hongkai Chen , Zeyu Zhang , Shouvik Roy , Ezio Bartocci , Scott A. Smolka , Scott D. Stoller , Shan Lin

We consider multi-robot systems under recurring tasks formalized as linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. To solve the planning problem efficiently, we propose a bottom-up approach combining offline plan synthesis with online…

We provide a dynamic programming algorithm for the monitoring of a fragment of Timed Propositional Temporal Logic (TPTL) specifications. This fragment of TPTL, which is more expressive than Metric Temporal Logic, is characterized by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-12-12 Adel Dokhanchi , Bardh Hoxha , Cumhur Erkan Tuncali , Georgios Fainekos

This paper investigates the online monitoring problem for cyber-physical systems under signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. The objective is to design an online monitor that evaluates system correctness at runtime based on partial…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Tao Han , Shaoyuan Li , Xiang Yin

In spatially located, large scale systems, time and space dynamics interact and drives the behaviour. Examples of such systems can be found in many smart city applications and Cyber-Physical Systems. In this paper we present the Signal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 L. Nenzi , L. Bortolussi , V. Ciancia , M. Loreti , M. Massink

Vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have gained significant popularity as foundation models, with numerous fine-tuning methods developed to enhance performance on downstream tasks. However, due to their inherent vulnerability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Lijun Sheng , Jian Liang , Zilei Wang , Ran He

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is an expressive formal language for specifying spatio-temporal requirements over real-valued, real-time signals. It has been widely used for the verification and synthesis of autonomous systems and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bowen Ye , Zhijian Li , Junyue Huang , Junkai Ma , Xiang Yin

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formal language over continuous-time signals (such as trajectories of a multi-agent system) that allows for the specification of complex spatial and temporal system requirements (such as staying sufficiently…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Joris Verhagen , Lars Lindemann , Jana Tumova

Temporal logic is an important tool for specifying complex behaviors of systems. It can be used to define properties for verification and monitoring, as well as goals for synthesis tools, allowing users to specify rich missions and tasks.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Gustavo A. Cardona , Kevin Leahy , Makai Mann , Cristian-Ioan Vasile

Multi-task learning (MTL) seeks to improve the generalized performance of learning specific tasks, exploiting useful information incorporated in related tasks. As a promising area, this paper studies an MTL-based control approach…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-01 Andres Arias , Chuangchuang Sun

We present a new average-based robustness score for Signal Temporal Logic (STL) and a framework for optimal control of a dynamical system under STL constraints. By averaging the scores of different specifications or subformulae at different…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Noushin Mehdipour , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Calin Belta

This paper presents a spatiotemporal tube (STT)-based control framework for satisfying Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications in unknown control-affine systems. We formulate STL constraints as a robust optimization problem (ROP) and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Ratnangshu Das , Subhodeep Choudhury , Pushpak Jagtap

Researchers have previously proposed augmenting Signal Temporal Logic (STL) with the value freezing operator in order to express engineering properties that cannot be expressed in STL. This augmented logic is known as STL*. The previous…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Bassem Ghorbel , Vinayak S. Prabhu

Perception algorithms in autonomous vehicles are vital for the vehicle to understand the semantics of its surroundings, including detection and tracking of objects in the environment. The outputs of these algorithms are in turn used for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Anand Balakrishnan , Jyotirmoy Deshmukh , Bardh Hoxha , Tomoya Yamaguchi , Georgios Fainekos

We introduce a metric that can quantify the temporal relaxation of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications and facilitate resilient control synthesis in the face of infeasibilities. The proposed metric quantifies a cumulative notion of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-13 Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak , Derya Aksaray

Recent years have seen an increasing use of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) as a formal specification language for symbolic control, due to its expressiveness and closeness to natural language. Furthermore, STL specifications can be encoded as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-11 Yann Gilpin , Vince Kurtz , Hai Lin

The deployment of autonomous systems in uncertain and dynamic environments has raised fundamental questions. Addressing these is pivotal to build fully autonomous systems and requires a systematic integration of planning and control. We…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-08 Lars Lindemann , George J. Pappas , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

We study certified runtime monitoring of past-time signal temporal logic (ptSTL) from visual observations under partial observability. The monitor must infer safety-relevant quantities from images and provide finite-sample guarantees, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Bardh Hoxha , Oliver Schön , Hideki Okamoto , Lars Lindemann , Georgios Fainekos