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Visual design relies on seeing things in different ways, acting on them, and seeing results to act again. Parametric design tools are often not robust to design changes that result from sketching over the visualization of their output. We…
Human creative ideation involves both exploration of diverse ideas (divergence) and selective synthesis of explored ideas into coherent combinations (convergence). While processes of divergence and convergence are often interleaved and…
Broad exploration of references is critical in the visual design process. While text-to-image (T2I) models offer efficiency and customization of exploration, they often limit support for divergence in exploration. We conducted a formative…
Sketching is a natural and effective visual communication medium commonly used in creative processes. Recent developments in deep-learning models drastically improved machines' ability in understanding and generating visual content. An…
Early-stage design ideation often relies on rough sketches created under time pressure, leaving much of the designer's intent implicit. In practice, designers frequently speak while sketching, verbally articulating functional goals and…
User Interface (UI) design is an creative process that involves considerable reiteration and rework. Designers go through multiple iterations of different prototyping fidelities to create a UI design. In this research, we propose to modify…
While diffusion-based text-to-image (T2I) models provide a simple and powerful way to generate images, guiding this generation remains a challenge. For concepts that are difficult to describe through language, users may struggle to create…
For creative tasks, programmers face a choice: Use a GUI and sacrifice flexibility, or write code and sacrifice ergonomics? To obtain both flexibility and ease of use, a number of systems have explored a workflow that we call…
As generative AI (GenAI) increasingly permeates design workflows, its impact on design outcomes and designers' creative capabilities warrants investigation. We conducted a within-subjects experiment where we asked participants to design…
Despite the potential of generative AI (GenAI) design tools to enhance design processes, professionals often struggle to integrate AI into their workflows. Fundamental cognitive challenges include the need to specify all design criteria as…
While generative models have become powerful tools for image synthesis, they are typically optimized for executing carefully crafted textual prompts, offering limited support for the open-ended visual exploration that often precedes idea…
Creativity Support Tools (CST) aim to enhance human creativity, but the deeply personal and subjective nature of creativity makes the design of universal support tools challenging. Individuals develop personal approaches to creativity,…
Generative AI has democratized content creation, but popular chatbot-based interfaces often prioritize execution, generating fully rendered artifacts right away. This issue can lead to premature convergence and design fixation, where users…
With the involvement of artificial intelligence (AI), sketches can be automatically generated under certain topics. Even though breakthroughs have been made in previous studies in this area, a relatively high proportion of the generated…
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has fundamentally transformed creative work practices in the design industry. Existing studies have identified both opportunities and challenges for creative practitioners in their…
Professional designers work from client briefs that specify goals and constraints but often lack concrete design details. Translating these abstract requirements into visual designs poses a central challenge, yet existing tools address…
Generating sketches guided by reference styles requires precise transfer of stroke attributes, such as line thickness, deformation, and texture sparsity, while preserving semantic structure and content fidelity. To this end, we propose…
As AI integrates into design practice, designers increasingly use generative AI tools to envision AI-enabled solutions, positioning AI as both design tool and design material. This dual role creates recursive value tensions distinct from…
Visual blends combine elements from two distinct visual concepts into a single, integrated image, with the goal of conveying ideas through imaginative and often thought-provoking visuals. Communicating abstract concepts through visual…
Graphic layout generation is a growing research area focusing on generating aesthetically pleasing layouts ranging from poster designs to documents. While recent research has explored ways to incorporate user constraints to guide the layout…