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This paper investigates data selection and model merging methodologies aimed at incorporating advanced reasoning capabilities such as those of DeepSeek R1 into language-specific large language models (LLMs), with a particular focus on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Kunat Pipatanakul , Pittawat Taveekitworachai , Potsawee Manakul , Kasima Tharnpipitchai

Despite significant advances in foundation models like DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT, their deployment in medical settings faces critical challenges including computational requirements and professional knowledge barriers. This paper presents an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Mingda Zhang , Jianglong Qin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on a range of educational tasks, but are still understudied for their potential to solve mathematical problems. In this study, we compare three prominent LLMs, including GPT-4o,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ruonan Wang , Runxi Wang , Yunwen Shen , Chengfeng Wu , Qinglin Zhou , Rohitash Chandra

Large Language Models (LLM) with reasoning capabilities offer a promising path for improving candidate evaluation in planning frameworks, but their relative performance against traditional non-reasoning models remains largely underexplored.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Md Fahim Anjum

Large language models (LLMs), especially Explicit Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning models like DeepSeek-R1 and QWQ, have demonstrated powerful reasoning capabilities, achieving impressive performance in commonsense reasoning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jiatong Li , Weida Wang , Qinggang Zhang , Junxian Li , Di Zhang , Changmeng Zheng , Shufei Zhang , Xiaoyong Wei , Qing Li

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) generate explicit reasoning traces alongside final answers, yet the extent to which these traces influence answer generation remains unclear. In this work, we conduct a three-stage investigation into the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jue Zhang , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

This paper presents a practical investigation into fine-tuning model parameters for mathematical reasoning tasks through experimenting with various configurations including randomness control, reasoning depth, and sampling strategies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Pranav Pawar , Dhwaj Jain , Varun Gupta , Kaustav Dedhia , Dashrath Kale , Sudhir Dhekane

While reasoning large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across various tasks, they also contain notable security vulnerabilities. Recent research has uncovered a "thinking-stopped" vulnerability in DeepSeek-R1, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yu Cui , Yujun Cai , Yiwei Wang

Test-time scaling has significantly improved large language model performance, enabling deeper reasoning to solve complex problems. However, this increased reasoning capability also leads to excessive token generation and unnecessary…

Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve enhanced complex problem-solving through test-time computing scaling, yet this often entails longer contexts and numerous reasoning token costs. In this paper, we propose an efficient test-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Zhaojian Yu , Yinghao Wu , Yilun Zhao , Arman Cohan , Xiao-Ping Zhang

We present DeepSeek-V2, a strong Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language model characterized by economical training and efficient inference. It comprises 236B total parameters, of which 21B are activated for each token, and supports a context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 DeepSeek-AI , Aixin Liu , Bei Feng , Bin Wang , Bingxuan Wang , Bo Liu , Chenggang Zhao , Chengqi Dengr , Chong Ruan , Damai Dai , Daya Guo , Dejian Yang , Deli Chen , Dongjie Ji , Erhang Li , Fangyun Lin , Fuli Luo , Guangbo Hao , Guanting Chen , Guowei Li , H. Zhang , Hanwei Xu , Hao Yang , Haowei Zhang , Honghui Ding , Huajian Xin , Huazuo Gao , Hui Li , Hui Qu , J. L. Cai , Jian Liang , Jianzhong Guo , Jiaqi Ni , Jiashi Li , Jin Chen , Jingyang Yuan , Junjie Qiu , Junxiao Song , Kai Dong , Kaige Gao , Kang Guan , Lean Wang , Lecong Zhang , Lei Xu , Leyi Xia , Liang Zhao , Liyue Zhang , Meng Li , Miaojun Wang , Mingchuan Zhang , Minghua Zhang , Minghui Tang , Mingming Li , Ning Tian , Panpan Huang , Peiyi Wang , Peng Zhang , Qihao Zhu , Qinyu Chen , Qiushi Du , R. J. Chen , R. L. Jin , Ruiqi Ge , Ruizhe Pan , Runxin Xu , Ruyi Chen , S. S. Li , Shanghao Lu , Shangyan Zhou , Shanhuang Chen , Shaoqing Wu , Shengfeng Ye , Shirong Ma , Shiyu Wang , Shuang Zhou , Shuiping Yu , Shunfeng Zhou , Size Zheng , T. Wang , Tian Pei , Tian Yuan , Tianyu Sun , W. L. Xiao , Wangding Zeng , Wei An , Wen Liu , Wenfeng Liang , Wenjun Gao , Wentao Zhang , X. Q. Li , Xiangyue Jin , Xianzu Wang , Xiao Bi , Xiaodong Liu , Xiaohan Wang , Xiaojin Shen , Xiaokang Chen , Xiaosha Chen , Xiaotao Nie , Xiaowen Sun , Xiaoxiang Wang , Xin Liu , Xin Xie , Xingkai Yu , Xinnan Song , Xinyi Zhou , Xinyu Yang , Xuan Lu , Xuecheng Su , Y. Wu , Y. K. Li , Y. X. Wei , Y. X. Zhu , Yanhong Xu , Yanping Huang , Yao Li , Yao Zhao , Yaofeng Sun , Yaohui Li , Yaohui Wang , Yi Zheng , Yichao Zhang , Yiliang Xiong , Yilong Zhao , Ying He , Ying Tang , Yishi Piao , Yixin Dong , Yixuan Tan , Yiyuan Liu , Yongji Wang , Yongqiang Guo , Yuchen Zhu , Yuduan Wang , Yuheng Zou , Yukun Zha , Yunxian Ma , Yuting Yan , Yuxiang You , Yuxuan Liu , Z. Z. Ren , Zehui Ren , Zhangli Sha , Zhe Fu , Zhen Huang , Zhen Zhang , Zhenda Xie , Zhewen Hao , Zhihong Shao , Zhiniu Wen , Zhipeng Xu , Zhongyu Zhang , Zhuoshu Li , Zihan Wang , Zihui Gu , Zilin Li , Ziwei Xie

Test-time scaling has emerged as an effective approach for improving language model performance by utilizing additional compute at inference time. Recent studies have shown that overriding end-of-thinking tokens (e.g., replacing "</think>"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Liran Ringel , Elad Tolochinsky , Yaniv Romano

Thinking Large Language Models (LLMs) generate explicit intermediate reasoning traces before final answers, potentially improving transparency, interpretability, and solution accuracy for code generation. However, the quality of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haoran Xue , Gias Uddin , Song Wang

In recent years, general-purpose large language models (LLMs) such as GPT, Gemini, Claude, and DeepSeek have advanced at an unprecedented pace. Despite these achievements, their application to finance remains challenging, due to fragmented…

As reasoning LLMs increasingly trade tokens for accuracy through deliberation, search, and self-correction, a single accuracy score can no longer tell whether those tokens buy useful reasoning, recovery from hard instances, or unnecessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Daniel Kaiser , Arnoldo Frigessi , Ali Ramezani-Kebrya , Benjamin Ricaud

The AM-DeepSeek-R1-Distilled is a large-scale dataset with thinking traces for general reasoning tasks, composed of high-quality and challenging reasoning problems. These problems are collected from a multitude of open-source datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Han Zhao , Haotian Wang , Yiping Peng , Sitong Zhao , Xiaoyu Tian , Shuaiting Chen , Yunjie Ji , Xiangang Li

In recent years, the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has made significant breakthroughs in the field of natural language processing and has gradually been applied to the field of humanities and social sciences research. LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Peiran Gu , Fuhao Duan , Wenhao Li , Bochen Xu , Ying Cai , Teng Yao , Chenxun Zhuo , Tianming Liu , Bao Ge

Inspired by DeepSeek-R1's success in eliciting reasoning abilities through rule-based reinforcement learning (RL), we introduce Video-R1 as the first attempt to systematically explore the R1 paradigm for incentivizing video reasoning within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Kaituo Feng , Kaixiong Gong , Bohao Li , Zonghao Guo , Yibing Wang , Tianshuo Peng , Junfei Wu , Xiaoying Zhang , Benyou Wang , Xiangyu Yue

Test-time scaling, which leverages additional computation during inference to improve model accuracy, has enabled a new class of Large Language Models (LLMs) that are able to reason through complex problems by understanding the goal,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shaltiel Shmidman , Asher Fredman , Oleg Sudakov , Meriem Bendris

This paper explores the system 1 thinking capability of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), the intuitive ability to respond efficiently with minimal token usage. While existing LRMs rely on long-chain reasoning and excel at complex tasks, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Wenyuan Zhang , Shuaiyi Nie , Xinghua Zhang , Zefeng Zhang , Tingwen Liu