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A CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is an automatic security mechanism used to determine whether the user is a human or a malicious computer program. It is a program that generates and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2013-12-31 Mohammad Jabed Morshed Chowdhury , Narayan Ranjan Chakraborty

The recent generative AI models' capability of creating realistic and human-like content is significantly transforming the ways in which people communicate, create and work. The machine-generated content is a double-edged sword. On one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Liting Huang , Zhihao Zhang , Yiran Zhang , Xiyue Zhou , Shoujin Wang

Conversational AI is rapidly becoming a primary interface for information seeking and decision making, yet most systems still assume idealized users. In practice, human reasoning is bounded by limited attention, uneven knowledge, and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jiqun Liu

The evolution of generative AI systems exposes the challenges of traditional legal and ethical frameworks built around consent. This chapter examines how the conventional notion of consent, while fundamental to data protection and privacy…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Giada Pistilli , Bruna Trevelin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence (AI) services due to their exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human-like text. LLM chatbots, in particular, have seen widespread adoption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Yuekang Li , Kailong Wang , Ying Zhang , Zefeng Li , Haoyu Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu

Over the last years, most websites on which users can register (e.g., email providers and social networks) adopted CAPTCHAs (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) as a countermeasure against automated…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-12-18 Mauro Conti , Claudio Guarisco , Riccardo Spolaor

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) and generative AI is fundamentally transforming information retrieval and processing on the Internet, bringing both great potential and significant concerns regarding content authenticity and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Michele Garetto , Alessandro Cornacchia , Franco Galante , Emilio Leonardi , Alessandro Nordio , Alberto Tarable

The increasing complexity of AI models, especially in deep learning, has raised concerns about transparency and accountability, particularly in high-stakes applications like medical diagnostics, where opaque models can undermine trust.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Songning Lai , Yu Huang , Jiayu Yang , Gaoxiang Huang , Wenshuo Chen , Yutao Yue

Large Language Model (LLMs) such as ChatGPT that exhibit generative AI capabilities are facing accelerated adoption and innovation. The increased presence of Generative AI (GAI) inevitably raises concerns about the risks and safety…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Jaymari Chua , Yun Li , Shiyi Yang , Chen Wang , Lina Yao

Deep learning technology has made it possible to generate realistic content of specific individuals. These `deepfakes' can now be generated in real-time which enables attackers to impersonate people over audio and video calls. Moreover,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Lior Yasur , Guy Frankovits , Fred M. Grabovski , Yisroel Mirsky

Completely Automated Public Turing Test To Tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) has been implemented on many websites to identify between harmful automated bots and legitimate users. However, the revenue generated by the bots has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Rui Jin , Lin Huang , Jikang Duan , Wei Zhao , Yong Liao , Pengyuan Zhou

Advances in AI-generated content have led to wide adoption of large language models, diffusion-based visual generators, and synthetic audio tools. However, these developments raise critical concerns about misinformation, copyright…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Lele Cao

In this paper we study the suitability of a new generation of CAPTCHA methods based on smartphone interactions. The heterogeneous flow of data generated during the interaction with the smartphones can be used to model human behavior when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Alejandro Acien , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez , Oscar Delgado-Mohatar

The rapid advancement of generative models has empowered modern AI systems to comprehend and produce highly sophisticated content, even achieving human-level performance in specific domains. However, these models are fundamentally…

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in research across all disciplines is becoming ubiquitous. However, this ubiquity is largely driven by hyperspecific AI models developed during scientific studies for accomplishing a well-defined,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Rishab Jain , Aditya Jain

The rapid development of the Internet has profoundly changed human life. Humans are increasingly expressing themselves and interacting with others on social media platforms. However, although artificial intelligence technology has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Haochen Xue , Chong Zhang , Chengzhi Liu , Fangyu Wu , Xiaobo Jin

We introduce ReXTime, a benchmark designed to rigorously test AI models' ability to perform temporal reasoning within video events. Specifically, ReXTime focuses on reasoning across time, i.e. human-like understanding when the question and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jr-Jen Chen , Yu-Chien Liao , Hsi-Che Lin , Yu-Chu Yu , Yen-Chun Chen , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Machine learning systems are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains, yet they remain vulnerable to bias systematic disparities that disproportionately impact specific demographic groups. Traditional bias detection methods often depend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Chirudeep Tupakula , Rittika Shamsuddin

By defining the current limits (and thereby the frontiers), many boundaries are shaping, and will continue to shape, the future of Artificial Intelligence (AI). We push on these boundaries in order to make further progress into what were…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Ryan Watkins , Soheil Human

This paper proposes a network architecture to perform variable length semantic video generation using captions. We adopt a new perspective towards video generation where we allow the captions to be combined with the long-term and short-term…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-17 Tanya Marwah , Gaurav Mittal , Vineeth N. Balasubramanian