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Target speech separation refers to extracting a target speaker's voice from an overlapped audio of simultaneous talkers. Previously the use of visual modality for target speech separation has demonstrated great potentials. This work…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-26 Rongzhi Gu , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Yong Xu , Lianwu Chen , Yuexian Zou , Dong Yu

Multimodal networks have demonstrated remarkable performance improvements over their unimodal counterparts. Existing multimodal networks are designed in a multi-branch fashion that, due to the reliance on fusion strategies, exhibit…

Existing vision-language methods typically support two languages at a time at most. In this paper, we present a modular approach which can easily be incorporated into existing vision-language methods in order to support many languages. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Donghyun Kim , Kuniaki Saito , Kate Saenko , Stan Sclaroff , Bryan A. Plummer

Multimodal deep learning, especially vision-language models, have gained significant traction in recent years, greatly improving performance on many downstream tasks, including content moderation and violence detection. However, standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Zhuokai Zhao , Harish Palani , Tianyi Liu , Lena Evans , Ruth Toner

Multimodal deep learning systems which employ multiple modalities like text, image, audio, video, etc., are showing better performance in comparison with individual modalities (i.e., unimodal) systems. Multimodal machine learning involves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Anil Rahate , Rahee Walambe , Sheela Ramanna , Ketan Kotecha

Despite recent progress in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), it remains challenging to integrate diverse tasks ranging from pixel-level perception to high-fidelity generation. Existing approaches often suffer from either restricted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Bin Zhu , Munan Ning , Peng Jin , Bin Lin , Jinfa Huang , Qi Song , Junwu Zhang , Zhenyu Tang , Mingjun Pan , Li Yuan

Universal multimodal embedding (UME) maps heterogeneous inputs into a shared retrieval space with a single model. Recent approaches improve UME by generating explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) rationales before extracting embeddings, enabling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chenwei He , Xiangzhao Hao , Tianyu Yang , Yuxiang Ma , Yuheng Jia , Lingxiang Wu , Chaoyang Zhao , Haiyun Guo , Jinqiao Wang

Currently, dialogue systems have achieved high performance in processing text-based communication. However, they have not yet effectively incorporated visual information, which poses a significant challenge. Furthermore, existing models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Viktor Moskvoretskii , Anton Frolov , Denis Kuznetsov

Unsupervised pre-training has shown great success in skeleton-based action understanding recently. Existing works typically train separate modality-specific models, then integrate the multi-modal information for action understanding by a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Shengkai Sun , Daizong Liu , Jianfeng Dong , Xiaoye Qu , Junyu Gao , Xun Yang , Xun Wang , Meng Wang

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are poised to redefine transportation by enhancing road safety, minimizing human error, and optimizing traffic efficiency. The success of AVs depends on their ability to interpret complex, dynamic environments…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Abolfazl Zarghani , Amirhossein Ebrahimi , Amir Malekesfandiari

As artificial intelligence systems increasingly operate in Real-world environments, the integration of multi-modal data sources such as vision, language, and audio presents both unprecedented opportunities and critical challenges for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Sree Bhargavi Balija

Multimodal learning is defined as learning over multiple heterogeneous input modalities such as video, audio, and text. In this work, we are concerned with understanding how models behave as the type of modalities differ between training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Brandon McKinzie , Joseph Cheng , Vaishaal Shankar , Yinfei Yang , Jonathon Shlens , Alexander Toshev

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) achieve strong performance in both understanding and generation by learning a shared latent space, yet they often exhibit functional inconsistency between these two capabilities. We observe that this issue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yinyi Luo , Wenwen Wang , Hayes Bai , Marios Savvides , Jindong Wang

Pre-trained video large language models excel at visual reasoning. However, they struggle when videos arrive with auxiliary streams, such as audio, depth map, or dense temporal evidence. In such a scenario, uniform fusion induces modality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Bonan Ding , Umair Nawaz , Ufaq Khan , Abdelrahman M. Shaker , Muhammad Haris Khan , Jiale Cao , Jin Xie , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Safety evaluation and red-teaming of large language models remain predominantly text-centric, and existing frameworks lack the infrastructure to systematically test whether alignment generalizes to audio, image, and video inputs. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhongxi Wang , Yueqian Lin , Jingyang Zhang , Hai Helen Li , Yiran Chen

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) have achieved remarkable progress yet remain constrained by a single-turn interaction paradigm, effectively functioning as solvers for independent requests rather than assistants in continuous dialogue. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Wenxun Dai , Zhiyuan Zhao , Yule Zhong , Yiji Cheng , Jianwei Zhang , Linqing Wang , Shiyi Zhang , Yunlong Lin , Runze He , Fellix Song , Wayne Zhuang , Yong Liu , Haoji Zhang , Yansong Tang , Qinglin Lu , Chunyu Wang

Multi-task learning (MTL) can advance assistive driving by exploring inter-task correlations through shared representations. However, existing methods face two critical limitations: single-modality constraints limiting comprehensive scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Wenzhuo Liu , Yicheng Qiao , Zhen Wang , Qiannan Guo , Zilong Chen , Meihua Zhou , Xinran Li , Letian Wang , Zhiwei Li , Huaping Liu , Wenshuo Wang

Multi-modal learning relates information across observation modalities of the same physical phenomenon to leverage complementary information. Most multi-modal machine learning methods require that all the modalities used for training are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Vandana Rajan , Alessio Brutti , Andrea Cavallaro

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) aim to integrate understanding and generation within a single architecture. However, it remains underexplored how to effectively coordinate these two capabilities for more effective and efficient reasoning.…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hayes Bai , Yinyi Luo , Wenwen Wang , Qingsong Wen , Jindong Wang

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) enables models trained on a labeled source domain to handle new unlabeled domains. Recently, pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated promising zero-shot performance by leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Xinyao Li , Jingjing Li , Zhekai Du , Lei Zhu , Heng Tao Shen