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The Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) framework has become a widely used approach for multimodal representation learning, particularly in image-text retrieval and clustering. However, its efficacy is constrained by three key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Tiancheng Gu , Kaicheng Yang , Ziyong Feng , Xingjun Wang , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Yingda Chen , Weidong Cai , Jiankang Deng

Monocular depth estimation is a critical function in computer vision applications. This paper shows that large language models (LLMs) can effectively interpret depth with minimal supervision, using efficient resource utilization and a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Zhongyi Xia , Tianzhao Wu

Multimodal recommender systems (MRS) integrate heterogeneous user and item data, such as text, images, and structured information, to enhance recommendation performance. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) introduces new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Alejo Lopez-Avila , Jinhua Du

Pre-trained vision-language models are able to interpret visual concepts and language semantics. Prompt learning, a method of constructing prompts for text encoders or image encoders, elicits the potentials of pre-trained models and readily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhenhan Huang , Tejaswini Pedapati , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianxi Gao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities but often struggle with complex, multi-step mathematical reasoning, where minor errors in visual perception or logical deduction can lead to complete failure.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jianghangfan Zhang , Yibo Yan , Kening Zheng , Xin Zou , Song Dai , Xuming Hu

LSTMs have a proven track record in analyzing sequential data. But what about unordered instance bags, as found under a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) setting? While not often used for this, we show LSTMs excell under this setting too. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Kaili Wang , Jose Oramas , Tinne Tuytelaars

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in recent years has also given rise to the development of Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs). These new MLLMs allow us to process images, videos and even audio alongside textual inputs. In this project, we aim…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Charlton Teo

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show promise in tasks like visual question answering (VQA) but still face challenges in multimodal reasoning. Recent works adapt agentic frameworks or chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning to improve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zhuo Zhi , Chen Feng , Adam Daneshmend , Mine Orlu , Andreas Demosthenous , Lu Yin , Da Li , Ziquan Liu , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising instruction following capabilities on vision-language tasks. In this work, we introduce VISUAL MODALITY INSTRUCTION (VIM), and investigate how well multimodal models can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Xiujun Li , Yujie Lu , Zhe Gan , Jianfeng Gao , William Yang Wang , Yejin Choi

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown powerful capabilities in visual question answering and reasoning tasks by combining visual representations with the abstract skill set large language models (LLMs) learn during pretraining. Vision,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Riley Tavassoli , Mani Amani , Reza Akhavian

Bilingual Lexicon Induction (BLI) is a core task in multilingual NLP that still, to a large extent, relies on calculating cross-lingual word representations. Inspired by the global paradigm shift in NLP towards Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yaoyiran Li , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across vision-language tasks, yet their large-scale deployment raises pressing concerns about memorized private data, outdated knowledge, and harmful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chenlu Ding , Jiancan Wu , Leheng Sheng , Fan Zhang , Yancheng Yuan , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) relies on the powerful LLM to perform multimodal tasks, showing amazing emergent abilities in recent studies, such as writing poems based on an image. However, it is difficult for these case studies to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chaoyou Fu , Peixian Chen , Yunhang Shen , Yulei Qin , Mengdan Zhang , Xu Lin , Jinrui Yang , Xiawu Zheng , Ke Li , Xing Sun , Yunsheng Wu , Rongrong Ji , Caifeng Shan , Ran He

Despite an exciting new wave of multimodal machine learning models, current approaches still struggle to interpret the complex contextual relationships between the different modalities present in videos. Going beyond existing methods that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Laura Hanu , Anita L. Verő , James Thewlis

We present ReMatch, a framework that leverages the generative strength of MLLMs for multimodal retrieval. Previous approaches treated an MLLM as a simple encoder, ignoring its generative nature, and under-utilising its compositional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Qianying Liu , Xiao Liang , Zhiqiang Zhang , Zhongfei Qing , Fengfan Zhou , Yibo Chen , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Paul Henderson

Recent advancements in self-improvement for Large Language Models (LLMs) have efficiently enhanced model capabilities without significantly increasing costs, particularly in terms of human effort. While this area is still relatively young,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Shijian Deng , Kai Wang , Tianyu Yang , Harsh Singh , Yapeng Tian

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in vision-language tasks, but their application in the medical field remains underexplored, particularly for integrating structured time series data with unstructured clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Shuai Niu , Jing Ma , Hongzhan Lin , Liang Bai , Zhihua Wang , Wei Bi , Yida Xu , Guo Li , Xian Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success, and their multimodal expansions (MLLMs) further unlock capabilities spanning images, videos, and other modalities beyond text. However, despite this shift, prompt optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yumin Choi , Dongki Kim , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

In the realms of computer vision and natural language processing, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become indispensable tools, proficient in generating textual responses based on visual inputs. Despite their advancements, our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 YiFan Zhang , Yang Shi , Weichen Yu , Qingsong Wen , Xue Wang , Wenjing Yang , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Rong Jin

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides by training on vast high-quality image-text datasets, enabling them to generally understand images well. However, the inherent difficulty in explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuanze Lin , Yunsheng Li , Dongdong Chen , Weijian Xu , Ronald Clark , Philip Torr , Lu Yuan