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Reliably modeling normality and differentiating abnormal appearances from normal cases is a very appealing approach for detecting pathologies in medical images. A plethora of such unsupervised anomaly detection approaches has been made in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Christoph Baur , Benedikt Wiestler , Shadi Albarqouni , Nassir Navab

The use of supervised deep learning techniques to detect pathologies in brain MRI scans can be challenging due to the diversity of brain anatomy and the need for annotated data sets. An alternative approach is to use unsupervised anomaly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-08 Finn Behrendt , Debayan Bhattacharya , Julia Krüger , Roland Opfer , Alexander Schlaefer

Detecting brain lesions as abnormalities observed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for diagnosis and treatment. In the search of abnormalities, such as tumors and malformations, radiologists may benefit from computer-aided…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Hassan Baker , Austin J. Brockmeier

Obtaining models that capture imaging markers relevant for disease progression and treatment monitoring is challenging. Models are typically based on large amounts of data with annotated examples of known markers aiming at automating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-20 Thomas Schlegl , Philipp Seeböck , Sebastian M. Waldstein , Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth , Georg Langs

Unsupervised anomaly detection in brain images is crucial for identifying injuries and pathologies without access to labels. However, the accurate localization of anomalies in medical images remains challenging due to the inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Farzad Beizaee , Gregory Lodygensky , Christian Desrosiers , Jose Dolz

Anomaly detection in medical imaging is a challenging task in contexts where abnormalities are not annotated. This problem can be addressed through unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) methods, which identify features that do not match with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-07 Geoffroy Oudoumanessah , Carole Lartizien , Michel Dojat , Florence Forbes

Supervised deep learning algorithms have enabled significant performance gains in medical image classification tasks. But these methods rely on large labeled datasets that require resource-intensive expert annotation. Semi-supervised…

In the domain of anomaly detection, methods often excel in either high-level semantic or low-level industrial benchmarks, rarely achieving cross-domain proficiency. Semantic anomalies are novelties that differ in meaning from the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Luc P. J. Sträter , Mohammadreza Salehi , Efstratios Gavves , Cees G. M. Snoek , Yuki M. Asano

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) based on deep generative modelling has been increasingly explored for identifying pathological brain abnormalities without requiring voxel-level annotations. By learning the distribution of healthy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Youwan Mahé , Elise Bannier , Stéphanie Leplaideur , Elisa Fromont , Francesca Galassi

In real-world clinical practice, overlooking unanticipated findings can result in serious consequences. However, supervised learning, which is the foundation for the current success of deep learning, only encourages models to identify…

Detection of visual anomalies refers to the problem of finding patterns in different imaging data that do not conform to the expected visual appearance and is a widely studied problem in different domains. Due to the nature of anomaly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-29 Dejan Stepec , Danijel Skocaj

Although neural networks have proven very successful in a number of medical image analysis applications, their use remains difficult when targeting subtle tasks such as the identification of barely visible brain lesions, especially given…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-26 Verónica Muñoz-Ramírez , Nicolas Pinon , Florence Forbes , Carole Lartizen , Michel Dojat

Deep unsupervised representation learning has recently led to new approaches in the field of Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) in brain MRI. The main principle behind these works is to learn a model of normal anatomy by learning to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-09 Christoph Baur , Stefan Denner , Benedikt Wiestler , Shadi Albarqouni , Nassir Navab

Anomaly detection without priors of the anomalies is challenging. In the field of unsupervised anomaly detection, traditional auto-encoder (AE) tends to fail based on the assumption that by training only on normal images, the model will not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Yajie Cui , Zhaoxiang Liu , Shiguo Lian

Unsupervised learning can discover various unseen abnormalities, relying on large-scale unannotated medical images of healthy subjects. Towards this, unsupervised methods reconstruct a 2D/3D single medical image to detect outliers either in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Changhee Han , Leonardo Rundo , Kohei Murao , Tomoyuki Noguchi , Yuki Shimahara , Zoltan Adam Milacski , Saori Koshino , Evis Sala , Hideki Nakayama , Shinichi Satoh

Confounding pathology with normal anatomical variation remains a significant challenge in unsupervised medical-image anomaly detection, resulting in numerous false positives. To enhance integration of healthy variation, we augment the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-09 P. Bilha Githinji , Xi Yuan , Ijaz Gul , Lian Zhang , Jinhao Xu , Zhenglin Chen , Peiwu Qin , Dongmei Yu

Reliable automated analysis of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging is crucial for diagnosing retinal disorders but faces a critical barrier: the need for expensive, labor-intensive expert annotations. Supervised deep learning models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Tania Haghighi , Sina Gholami , Hamed Tabkhi , Minhaj Nur Alam

In recent years, anomaly detection has become an essential field in medical image analysis. Most current anomaly detection methods for medical images are based on image reconstruction. In this work, we propose a novel anomaly detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Florentin Bieder , Julia Wolleb , Robin Sandkühler , Philippe C. Cattin

Anomaly detection (AD) is the identification of data samples that do not fit a learned data distribution. As such, AD systems can help physicians to determine the presence, severity, and extension of a pathology. Deep generative models,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-12 Jaime Simarro , Ezequiel de la Rosa , Thijs Vande Vyvere , David Robben , Diana M. Sima

Image anomaly detection consists in detecting images or image portions that are visually different from the majority of the samples in a dataset. The task is of practical importance for various real-life applications like biomedical image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Axel De Nardin , Pankaj Mishra , Gian Luca Foresti , Claudio Piciarelli
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