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In multi-agent reinforcement learning, the behaviors that agents learn in a single Markov Game (MG) are typically confined to the given agent number. Every single MG induced by varying the population may possess distinct optimal joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Shenao Zhang , Li Shen , Lei Han , Li Shen

The growing demand on high-quality and low-latency multimedia services has led to much interest in edge caching techniques. Motivated by this, we in this paper consider edge caching at the base stations with unknown content popularity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Chen Zhong , M. Cenk Gursoy , Senem Velipasalar

Developing a reinforcement learning (RL) agent often involves identifying values for numerous parameters, covering the policy, reward function, environment, and agent-internal architecture. Since these parameters are interrelated in complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Francisco Erivaldo Fernandes Junior , Antti Oulasvirta

Feature generation (FG) aims to enhance the prediction potential of original data by constructing high-order feature combinations and removing redundant features. It is a key preprocessing step for tabular scientific data to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Meng Xiao , Junfeng Zhou , Yuanchun Zhou

Few multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) research on Google Research Football (GRF) focus on the 11v11 multi-agent full-game scenario and to the best of our knowledge, no open benchmark on this scenario has been released to the public.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Yan Song , He Jiang , Zheng Tian , Haifeng Zhang , Yingping Zhang , Jiangcheng Zhu , Zonghong Dai , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang

Deep or reinforcement learning (RL) approaches have been adapted as reactive agents to quickly learn and respond with new investment strategies for portfolio management under the highly turbulent financial market environments in recent…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-09-11 Zhenglong Li , Vincent Tam , Kwan L. Yeung

Model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) generally suffers from poor sample complexity, mostly due to the need to exhaustively explore the state-action space to find well-performing policies. On the other hand, we postulate that expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Loris Di Natale , Bratislav Svetozarevic , Philipp Heer , Colin N. Jones

Transfer learning is an important new subfield of multiagent reinforcement learning that aims to help an agent learn about a problem by using knowledge that it has gained solving another problem, or by using knowledge that is communicated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Cameron Reid

Large language model alignment via reinforcement learning depends critically on reward function quality. However, static, domain-specific reward models are often costly to train and exhibit poor generalization in out-of-distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Andrew Zhuoer Feng , Cunxiang Wang , Bosi Wen , Yidong Wang , Yu Luo , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Recent work explores agentic inference-time techniques to perform structured, multi-step reasoning. However, stateless inference often struggles on multi-step tasks due to the absence of persistent state. Moreover, task-specific fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Arshika Lalan , Rajat Ghosh , Aditya Kolsur , Debojyoti Dutta

Organisations are starting to adopt LLM-based AI agents, with their deployments naturally evolving from single agents towards interconnected, multi-agent networks. Yet a collection of safe agents does not guarantee a safe collection of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Alistair Reid , Simon O'Callaghan , Liam Carroll , Tiberio Caetano

Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have emerged as a formidable AI tool to generate realistic outputs based on training datasets. However, the challenge of exerting control over the generation process of GANs remains a significant…

Large language models (LLMs) augmented with external tools are increasingly deployed as deep research agents that gather, reason over, and synthesize web information to answer complex queries. Although recent open-source systems achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yi Wan , Jiuqi Wang , Liam Li , Jinsong Liu , Ruihao Zhu , Zheqing Zhu

Formation strategy is one of the most important parts of many multi-agent systems with many applications in real world problems. In this paper, a framework for learning this task in a limited domain (restricted environment) is proposed. In…

Multi-agent systems perform well on general reasoning tasks. However, the lack of training in specialized areas hinders their accuracy. Current training methods train a unified large language model (LLM) for all agents in the system. This…

The purpose of this paper is to use reinforcement learning to model learning agents which can recognize formal languages. Agents are modeled as simple multi-head automaton, a new model of finite automaton that uses multiple heads, and six…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Alper Şekerci , Özlem Salehi

Autonomous multi-agent systems such as hospital robots and package delivery drones often operate in highly uncertain environments and are expected to achieve complex temporal task objectives while ensuring safety. While learning-based…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Sheryl Paul , Anand Balakrishnan , Xin Qin , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

We introduce a unified mathematical and probabilistic framework for understanding and comparing diverse AI agent strategies. We bridge the gap between high-level agent design concepts, such as ReAct, multi-agent systems, and control flows,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Philip Stephens , Emmanuel Salawu

Reinforcement learning in multi-agent scenarios is important for real-world applications but presents challenges beyond those seen in single-agent settings. We present an actor-critic algorithm that trains decentralized policies in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Shariq Iqbal , Fei Sha

Artificial Intelligence has been used to help human complete difficult tasks in complicated environments by providing optimized strategies for decision-making or replacing the manual labour. In environments including multiple agents, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Chaoyi Gu , Varuna De Silva , Corentin Artaud , Rafael Pina