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Under the conventional scale setting, the renormalization scale uncertainty usually constitutes a systematic error for a fixed-order perturbative QCD estimation. The recently suggested principle of maximum conformality (PMC) provides a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-10-04 Sheng-Quan Wang , Xing-Gang Wu , Xu-Chang Zheng , Jian-Ming Shen , Qiong-Lian Zhang

The Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) provides scale-fixed perturbative QCD predictions which are independent of the choice of the renormalization scheme, as well as the choice of the initial renormalization scale. In this article, we…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-22 Alexandre Deur , Jian-Ming Shen , Xing-Gang Wu , Stanley J. Brodsky , Guy F. de Teramond

In this paper, we reanalyze the top-quark pair production at the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD at future $e^+e^-$ colliders by using the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) method. The PMC renormalization scales in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-06 Jin Ma , Sheng-Quan Wang , Ting Sun , Jian-Ming Shen , Xing-Gang Wu

The principle of maximum conformality (PMC) is used to remove uncertainties in the renormalization scale and scheme, thus eliminating unnecessary systematic errors for high-precision perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) predictions.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-03 Daniel Salinas-Arizmendi , Claudio Dib , Ivan Schmidt

The predictive power of perturbative QCD (pQCD) depends on two important issues: (1) how to eliminate the renormalization scheme-and-scale ambiguities at fixed order, and (2) how to reliably estimate the contributions of unknown…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-03-27 Bo-Lun Du , Xing-Gang Wu , Jian-Ming Shen , Stanley J. Brodsky

In this paper, we analyze the top-quark decay $t\to Wb$ up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^{3}$LO) QCD corrections. For the purpose, we first adopt the principle of maximum conformality (PMC) to deal with the initial pQCD…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-11-22 Jiang Yan , Xing-Gang Wu , Hua Zhou , Hong-Tai Li , Jing-Hao Shan

The energy-energy correlation (EEC) in electron-positron annihilation plays a crucial role in precision tests of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and measurements of the QCD coupling constant. In this paper, we provide a novel analysis for the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-14 Zhu-Yu Ren , Sheng-Quan Wang , Jian-Ming Shen , Xing-Gang Wu , Leonardo Di Giustino , Philip G. Ratcliffe , Stanley J. Brodsky

The intrinsic conformality is a general property of the renormalizable gauge theory, which ensures the scale-invariance of a fixed-order series at each perturbative order. Following the idea of intrinsic conformality, we suggest a novel…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-03-01 Jiang Yan , Zhi-Fei Wu , Jian-Ming Shen , Xing-Gang Wu

It has been observed that conventional renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities for the pQCD predictions can be eliminated by using the principle of maximum conformality (PMC). However, being the intrinsic nature of any perturbative…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-08-18 Qing Yu , Hua Zhou , Jiang Yan , Xu-Dong Huang , Xing-Gang Wu

NNLO QCD corrections for the pion electromagnetic form factor at large momentum transfer have been recently performed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 201901 (2024); Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 221901 (2025)], revealing that the NLO and NNLO…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-29 Sheng-Quan Wang , Zuo-Fen Liao , Jian-Ming Shen , Hua Zhou , Jia-Wei Zhang , Jiang Yan , Xing-Gang Wu , Leonardo Di Giustino

A key problem in making precise perturbative QCD predictions is to set the proper renormalization scale of the running coupling. The extended renormalization group equations, which express the invariance of physical observables under both…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-18 Stanley J. Brodsky , Xing-Gang Wu

In this paper, we give comprehensive analyses for event shape observables in electron-positron annihilation by using the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) which is a rigorous scale-setting method to eliminate the renormalization…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-10-19 Sheng-Quan Wang , Chao-Qin Luo , Xing-Gang Wu , Jian-Ming Shen , Leonardo Di Giustino

In this paper, we present a new analysis on the $P$-wave charmonium annihilation into two photons up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections by using the principle of maximum conformality (PMC). The conventional perturbative…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-07-28 Hua Zhou , Qing Yu , Xu-Dong Huang , Xu-Chang Zheng , Xing-Gang Wu

We present in detail a new systematic method which can be used to automatically eliminate the renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities in perturbative QCD predictions at all orders. We show that all of the nonconformal \beta-dependent…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-04-11 Stanley J. Brodsky , Matin Mojaza , Xing-Gang Wu

In the paper, we study the $\Upsilon(1S)$ leptonic decay width $\Gamma(\Upsilon(1S)\to \ell^+\ell^-)$ by using the principle of maximum conformality (PMC) scale-setting approach. The PMC adopts the renormalization group equation to set the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-08-13 Xu-Dong Huang , Xing-Gang Wu , Jun Zeng , Qing Yu , Jian-Ming Shen

In conventional treatments, predictions from fixed-order perturbative QCD calculations cannot be fixed with certainty due to ambiguities in the choice of the renormalization scale as well as the renormalization scheme. In this paper we…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-09-25 Stanley J. Brodsky , Xing-Gang Wu

The precision and predictive power of perturbative QCD (pQCD) prediction depends on both a precise, convergent fixed-order series and a reliable way of estimating the contributions of unknown higher-order (UHO) terms. It has been shown that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-29 Yu-Feng Luo , Jiang Yan , Zhi-Fei Wu , Xing-Gang Wu

Theoretical calculations for event shape observables are often determined by using the conventional scale setting; i.e. the procedure defined by setting the renormalization scale to the center-of-mass energy $\mu_r=\sqrt{s}$ and evaluating…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-08-04 Zhu-Yu Ren , Sheng-Quan Wang , Jian-Ming Shen , Xing-Gang Wu , Leonardo Di Giustino

The complete next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order short-distance and bound-state QCD corrections to $\Upsilon(1S)$ leptonic decay rate $\Gamma(\Upsilon(1S)\to \ell^+\ell^-)$ has been finished by Beneke {\it et al.} \cite{Beneke:2014qea}.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-26 Jian-Ming Shen , Xing-Gang Wu , Hong-Hao Ma , Huan-Yu Bi , Sheng-Quan Wang

In the present paper, we first give a detailed study on the pQCD corrections to the leading-twist part of BSR. Previous pQCD corrections to the leading-twist part derived under conventional scale-setting approach up to ${\cal…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-08-04 Qing Yu , Xing-Gang Wu , Hua Zhou , Xu-Dong Huang