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Recent advances in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) and preference optimization have substantially improved the usability, coherence, and safety of large language models. However, recurring behaviors such as performative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 William Parris

To extend the context length of Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) and improve comprehension capabilities, we often face limitations due to computational resources and bounded memory storage capacity. This work introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Chensen Huang , Guibo Zhu , Xuepeng Wang , Yifei Luo , Guojing Ge , Haoran Chen , Dong Yi , Jinqiao Wang

Symbolic perturbations offer a novel approach for influencing neural representations without requiring direct modification of model parameters. The recursive regeneration of symbolic structures introduces structured variations in latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kathlyn Eaglewood , Tobias Featherington , Dorian Mayfair , Sylvester Grimshaw , James Pettigrew

Accurate sentiment analysis of texts is crucial for a variety of applications, such as understanding customer feedback, monitoring market trends, and detecting public sentiment. However, manually annotating large sentiment corpora for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Kunrong Li , Xinyu Liu , Zhen Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become an essential approach for extending the reasoning and knowledge capacity of large language models (LLMs). While prior research has primarily focused on retrieval quality and prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiamin Chen , Yuchen Li , Xinyu Ma , Xinran Chen , Xiaokun Zhang , Shuaiqiang Wang , Chen Ma , Dawei Yin

Stochastic embedding transitions introduce a probabilistic mechanism for adjusting token representations dynamically during inference, mitigating the constraints imposed through static or deterministic embeddings. A transition framework was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Stefan Whitaker , Colin Sisate , Marcel Windsor , Nikolai Fairweather , Tarquin Goldborough , Oskar Lindenfeld

Transformative innovations in model architectures have introduced hierarchical embedding augmentation as a means to redefine the representation of tokens through multi-level semantic structures, offering enhanced adaptability to complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Derek Yotheringhay , Alistair Kirkland , Humphrey Kirkbride , Josiah Whitesteeple

The organization of latent knowledge within large-scale models poses unique challenges when addressing overlapping representations and optimizing contextual accuracy. Conceptual redundancies embedded across layers often result in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Joseph Sakau , Evander Kozlowski , Roderick Thistledown , Basil Steinberger

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in multi-turn dialogue. However, in multi-turn dialogue, models still struggle to stay aligned with what has been established earlier, follow dependencies across many turns, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Jiawei Shen , Jia Zhu , Hanghui Guo , Weijie Shi , Yue Cui , Qingyu Niu , Guoqing Ma , Yidan Liang , Jingjiang Liu , Yiling Wang , Shimin Di , Jiajie Xu

Scene Coordinate Regression (SCR) is a visual localization technique that utilizes deep neural networks (DNN) to directly regress 2D-3D correspondences for camera pose estimation. However, current SCR methods often face challenges in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kuan Xu , Zeyu Jiang , Haozhi Cao , Shenghai Yuan , Chen Wang , Lihua Xie

High-dimensional, heterogeneous data with complex feature interactions pose significant challenges for traditional predictive modeling approaches. While Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) remains a popular technique, it struggles to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Farwa Abbas , Hussain Ahmad , Claudia Szabo

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has dramatically advanced the state-of-the-art in numerous natural language generation tasks. For LLMs to be applied reliably, it is essential to have an accurate measure of their confidence.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Zhen Lin , Shubhendu Trivedi , Jimeng Sun

Optimization methodologies for training large-scale neural architectures often rely on uniform gradient propagation mechanisms that fail to align with hierarchical linguistic structures, limiting their capacity to generalize across diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Daphne Quillington , Kingsley Fairbrother , Xavier Tattershall , Irin Kabakum

Large Language Models (LLMs) often experience performance degradation during long-running interactions due to increasing context length, memory saturation, and computational overhead. This paper presents an adaptive context compression…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Payal Fofadiya , Sunil Tiwari

Contextual adaptation in token embeddings plays a central role in determining how well language models maintain coherence and retain semantic relationships over extended text sequences. Static embeddings often impose constraints on lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Koinis Vassilis , Godfrey Milbourne , Harriet Featherstone , Xanthe Peverell , Yorick Bletchley , Zachary Montford

While contrastive learning is proven to be an effective training strategy in computer vision, Natural Language Processing (NLP) is only recently adopting it as a self-supervised alternative to Masked Language Modeling (MLM) for improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Hooman Sedghamiz , Shivam Raval , Enrico Santus , Tuka Alhanai , Mohammad Ghassemi

In this work, we study the problem of word-level confidence calibration for scene-text recognition (STR). Although the topic of confidence calibration has been an active research area for the last several decades, the case of structured and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Ron Slossberg , Oron Anschel , Amir Markovitz , Ron Litman , Aviad Aberdam , Shahar Tsiper , Shai Mazor , Jon Wu , R. Manmatha

Recent years have witnessed a great development of Convolutional Neural Networks in semantic segmentation, where all classes of training images are simultaneously available. In practice, new images are usually made available in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Hanbin Zhao , Fengyu Yang , Xinghe Fu , Xi Li

Zero-shot document re-ranking with Large Language Models (LLMs) has evolved from Pointwise methods to Listwise and Setwise approaches that optimize computational efficiency. Despite their success, these methods predominantly rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Haodong Chen , Shengyao Zhuang , Zheng Yao , Guido Zuccon , Teerapong Leelanupab

Maintaining semantic consistency over extended text sequences remains a fundamental challenge in long-form text generation, where conventional training methodologies often struggle to prevent contextual drift and coherence degradation. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Nirola Kobanov , Edmund Weatherstone , Zachary Vanderpoel , Orlando Wetherby