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We present a new decision procedure for the logic WS1S. It originates from the classical approach, which first builds an automaton accepting all models of a formula and then tests whether its language is empty. The main novelty is to test…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-25 Tomáš Fiedor , Lukáš Holík , Petr Janků , Ondřej Lengál , Tomáš Vojnar

The classic approaches to synthesize a reactive system from a linear temporal logic (LTL) specification first translate the given LTL formula to an equivalent omega-automaton and then compute a winning strategy for the corresponding…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-06-09 Andreas Morgenstern , Klaus Schneider

This paper studies Linear Temporal Logic over Finite Traces (LTLf) where proposition letters are replaced with first-order formulas interpreted over arbitrary theories, in the spirit of Satisfiability Modulo Theories. The resulting logic,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante

We present a Myhill-Nerode style characterization for languages recognized by one-clock deterministic timed automata (1-DTA). Although there is only one clock, distinct automata may reset it differently along the same word. This adds a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Kyveli Doveri , Pierre Ganty , B. Srivathsan

Logics and automata models for languages over infinite alphabets, such as Freeze LTL and register automata, serve the verification of processes or documents with data. They relate tightly to formalisms over nominal sets, such as…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Daniel Hausmann , Stefan Milius , Lutz Schröder

Test-time adaptation (TTA) seeks to tackle potential distribution shifts between training and test data by adapting a given model w.r.t. any test sample. Although recent TTA has shown promising performance, we still face two key challenges:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Mingkui Tan , Guohao Chen , Jiaxiang Wu , Yifan Zhang , Yaofo Chen , Peilin Zhao , Shuaicheng Niu

Multi-priced timed automata (MPTA) are timed automata with observer variables whose derivatives can change from one location to another. Observers are write-only variables, that is, they do not affect the control flow of the automaton; thus…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Andrew Scoones , Mahsa Shirmohammadi , James Worrell

Encountering shifted data at test time is a ubiquitous challenge when deploying predictive models. Test-time adaptation (TTA) methods address this issue by continuously adapting a deployed model using only unlabeled test data. While TTA can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mona Schirmer , Metod Jazbec , Christian A. Naesseth , Eric Nalisnick

Model checking linear-time properties expressed in first-order logic has non-elementary complexity, and thus various restricted logical languages are employed. In this paper we consider two such restricted specification logics, linear…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Michael Benedikt , Rastislav Lenhardt , James Worrell

In this paper we present a satisfiability-preserving reduction from MITL interpreted over finitely-variable continuous behaviors to Constraint LTL over clocks, a variant of CLTL that is decidable, and for which an SMT-based bounded…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-07-18 Marcello Maria Bersani , Matteo Rossi , Pierluigi San Pietro

Event clock automata (ECA) are a model for timed languages that has been introduced by Alur, Fix and Henzinger as an alternative to timed automata, with better theoretical properties (for instance, ECA are determinizable while timed…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-07-26 Gilles Geeraerts , Jean-François Raskin , Nathalie Sznajder

Recent vision-language models have strong perceptual ability but their implicit reasoning is hard to explain and easily generates hallucinations on complex queries. Compositional methods improve interpretability, but most rely on a single…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhixi Cai , Fucai Ke , Kevin Leo , Sukai Huang , Maria Garcia de la Banda , Peter J. Stuckey , Hamid Rezatofighi

Symbolic automata are finite state automata that support potentially infinite alphabets, such as the set of rational numbers, generally applied to regular expressions/languages over finite words. In symbolic automata (or automata modulo…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Margus Veanes , Thomas Ball , Gabriel Ebner , Olli Saarikivi

Several new algorithms for deciding emptiness of Boolean combinations of regular languages and of languages of alternating automata (AFA) have been proposed recently, especially in the context of analysing regular expressions and in string…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Tomáš Fiedor , Lukáš Holík , Martin Hruška , Adam Rogalewicz , Juraj Síč , Pavol Vargovčík

We introduce and investigate forgetting 1-limited automata, which are single-tape Turing machines that, when visiting a cell for the first time, replace the input symbol in it by a fixed symbol, so forgetting the original contents. These…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Giovanni Pighizzini , Luca Prigioniero

We revisit a fundamental result in real-time verification, namely that the binary reachability relation between configurations of a given timed automaton is definable in linear arithmetic over the integers and reals. In this paper we give a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-04-20 Karin Quaas , Mahsa Shirmohammadi , James Worrell

Separation Logic (SL) with inductive definitions is a natural formalism for specifying complex recursive data structures, used in compositional verification of programs manipulating such structures. The key ingredient of any automated…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-02-12 Radu Iosif , Adam Rogalewicz , Tomas Vojnar

Temporal logics are widely used by the Formal Methods and AI communities. Linear Temporal Logic is a popular temporal logic and is valued for its ease of use as well as its balance between expressiveness and complexity. LTL is equivalent in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Kevin W. Smith , Moshe Y. Vardi

We propose a model checking algorithm to test properties of systems that are expressed in the multi-agent temporal logic ATL+. The specificities of this algorithm are: it is on-the-fly, generating states only when they are needed, and it…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Serenella Cerrito

We introduce hypernode automata as a new specification formalism for hyperproperties of concurrent systems. They are finite automata with nodes labeled with hypernode logic formulas and transitions labeled with actions. A hypernode logic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Ezio Bartocci , Thomas A. Henzinger , Dejan Nickovic , Ana Oliveira da Costa