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This paper presents a systematic security assessment of four prominent Large Language Models (LLMs) against diverse adversarial attack vectors. We evaluate Phi-2, Llama-2-7B-Chat, GPT-3.5-Turbo, and GPT-4 across four distinct attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Tiarnaigh Downey-Webb , Olamide Jogunola , Oluwaseun Ajao

The increasing deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in various applications necessitates a rigorous evaluation of their robustness against adversarial attacks. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the robustness of GPT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yiyi Tao , Yixian Shen , Hang Zhang , Yanxin Shen , Lun Wang , Chuanqi Shi , Shaoshuai Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen great advance in both academia and industry, and their popularity results in numerous open-source frameworks and techniques in accelerating LLM pre-training, fine-tuning, and inference. Training and…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Longteng Zhang , Xiang Liu , Zeyu Li , Xinglin Pan , Peijie Dong , Ruibo Fan , Rui Guo , Xin Wang , Qiong Luo , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu

Malicious URL classification represents a crucial aspect of cyber security. Although existing work comprises numerous machine learning and deep learning-based URL classification models, most suffer from generalisation and domain-adaptation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Fariza Rashid , Nishavi Ranaweera , Ben Doyle , Suranga Seneviratne

Large Language Models (LLMs), which bridge the gap between human language understanding and complex problem-solving, achieve state-of-the-art performance on several NLP tasks, particularly in few-shot and zero-shot settings. Despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Shuai Zhao , Meihuizi Jia , Zhongliang Guo , Leilei Gan , Xiaoyu Xu , Xiaobao Wu , Jie Fu , Yichao Feng , Fengjun Pan , Luu Anh Tuan

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, PaLM, and LLaMa, have been shown to achieve remarkable performance across a variety of natural language tasks. Recent advancements in instruction tuning bring LLMs with ability in following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Vu-Thuan Doan , Quoc-Truong Truong , Duc-Vu Nguyen , Vinh-Tiep Nguyen , Thuy-Ngan Nguyen Luu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in educational and learning applications. Research has demonstrated that controlling for style, to fit the needs of the learner, fosters increased understanding, promotes inclusion,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Ankit Aich , Tingting Liu , Salvatore Giorgi , Kelsey Isman , Lyle Ungar , Brenda Curtis

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has driven major gains in reasoning, perception, and generation across language and vision, yet whether these advances translate into…

Previous research has shown that journal article quality ratings from the cloud based Large Language Model (LLM) families ChatGPT and Gemini and the medium sized open weights LLM Gemma3 27b correlate moderately with expert research quality…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Mike Thelwall , Ehsan Mohammadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as transformative tools for software vulnerability detection, addressing critical challenges in the security domain. Traditional methods, such as static and dynamic analysis, often falter due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Ze Sheng , Zhicheng Chen , Shuning Gu , Heqing Huang , Guofei Gu , Jeff Huang

Pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains, with education and research emerging as particularly impactful areas. Among current state-of-the-art LLMs, ChatGPT and DeepSeek exhibit strong…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Md Mostafizer Rahman , Ariful Islam Shiplu , Md Faizul Ibne Amin , Yutaka Watanobe , Lu Peng

Deep learning-based approaches, particularly those leveraging pre-trained language models (PLMs), have shown promise in automated software vulnerability detection. However, existing methods are predominantly limited to specific programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Junji Yu , Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Dong Wang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yasutaka Kamei , Junjie Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across various fields. However, their performance in technical domains such as telecommunications remains underexplored. This paper evaluates two open-source LLMs, Gemma 3 27B…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Arina Caraus , Alessio Buscemi , Sumit Kumar , Ion Turcanu

Large vision-language models (VLMs) such as GPT-4 have achieved unprecedented performance in response generation, especially with visual inputs, enabling more creative and adaptable interaction than large language models such as ChatGPT.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yunqing Zhao , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Xiao Yang , Chongxuan Li , Ngai-Man Cheung , Min Lin

The growing complexity and diversity of news coverage have made framing analysis a crucial yet challenging task in computational social science. Traditional approaches, including manual annotation and fine-tuned models, remain limited by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Valeria Pastorino , Jasivan A. Sivakumar , Nafise Sadat Moosavi

The integration of generative AI into developer forums like Stack Overflow presents an opportunity to enhance problem-solving by allowing users to post screenshots of code or Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) instead of traditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Faiz Ahmed , Xuchen Tan , Folajinmi Adewole , Suprakash Datta , Maleknaz Nayebi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, but their robustness against adversarial attacks remains a critical concern. We presents a novel white-box style attack approach that exposes vulnerabilities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Zeyu Yang , Zhao Meng , Xiaochen Zheng , Roger Wattenhofer

This study presents an empirical case study to assess the efficacy and reliability of DeepSeek-V3, an emerging large language model, within the context of computer education. The evaluation employs both CCNA simulation questions and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Dongfu Xiao , Chen Gao , Zhengquan Luo , Chi Liu , Sheng Shen

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 has revolutionized the landscape of software engineering, positioning these models at the core of modern development practices. As we anticipate these models to evolve into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jianian Gong , Nachuan Duan , Ziheng Tao , Zhaohui Gong , Yuan Yuan , Minlie Huang

Various jailbreak attacks have been proposed to red-team Large Language Models (LLMs) and revealed the vulnerable safeguards of LLMs. Besides, some methods are not limited to the textual modality and extend the jailbreak attack to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Shuo Chen , Zhen Han , Bailan He , Zifeng Ding , Wenqian Yu , Philip Torr , Volker Tresp , Jindong Gu