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Natural language to code generation is an important application area of LLMs and has received wide attention from the community. The majority of relevant studies have exclusively concentrated on increasing the quantity and functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Naman Jain , Tianjun Zhang , Wei-Lin Chiang , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Koushik Sen , Ion Stoica

Memorization in large language models has been studied almost exclusively through prefix-conditioned extraction, a natural choice for autoregressive models. However, diffusion language models (DLMs) can denoise masked tokens at arbitrary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yihan Wang , N. Asokan

Context: In the fast-paced evolution of software development, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become indispensable tools for tasks such as code generation, completion, analysis, and bug fixing. Ensuring the robustness of these models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yang Liu , Armstrong Foundjem , Xingfang Wu , Heng Li , Foutse Khomh

Despite rapid advances in the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), they continue to struggle with following relatively simple and unambiguous instructions, particularly when compositional structure is involved. Recent work suggests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Prince Kumar , Rudra Murthy , Riyaz Bhat , Danish Contractor

Deep Learning-based code generators have seen significant advancements in recent years. Tools such as GitHub Copilot are used by thousands of developers with the main promise of a boost in productivity. However, researchers have recently…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Cristina Improta , Rosalia Tufano , Pietro Liguori , Domenico Cotroneo , Gabriele Bavota

The training of modern large language models (LLMs) takes place in a regime where most training examples are seen only a few times by the model during the course of training. What does a model remember about such examples seen only a few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-31 A. Emin Orhan

Recently, Language Models (LMs) instruction-tuned on multiple tasks, also known as multitask-prompted fine-tuning (MT), have shown the capability to generalize to unseen tasks. Previous work has shown that scaling the number of training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Joel Jang , Seungone Kim , Seonghyeon Ye , Doyoung Kim , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Kyungjae Lee , Minjoon Seo

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on sensitive datasets carries a substantial risk of unintended memorization and leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII), which can violate privacy regulations and compromise individual…

As large language models (LLMs) are widely applied across various fields, model compression has become increasingly crucial for reducing costs and improving inference efficiency. Post-training pruning is a promising method that does not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yixin Ji , Yang Xiang , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Ping Li , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Min Zhang

Recent works have widely adopted large language model pretraining for source code, suggested source code-specific pretraining objectives and investigated the applicability of various Transformer-based language model architectures for source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Nadezhda Chirkova , Sergey Troshin

The performance of a large language model (LLM) depends heavily on the quality and size of its pretraining dataset. However, the pretraining datasets for state-of-the-art open LLMs like Llama 3 and Mixtral are not publicly available and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Guilherme Penedo , Hynek Kydlíček , Loubna Ben allal , Anton Lozhkov , Margaret Mitchell , Colin Raffel , Leandro Von Werra , Thomas Wolf

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) can cause them to lose their general capabilities. However, the intrinsic mechanisms behind such forgetting remain unexplored. In this paper, we begin by examining this phenomenon by focusing on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Gangwei Jiang , Zhaoyi Li , Defu Lian , Ying Wei

In this work, we show that it is possible to extract significant amounts of alignment training data from a post-trained model -- useful to steer the model to improve certain capabilities such as long-context reasoning, safety, instruction…

Deep learning models operating in the image domain are vulnerable to small input perturbations. For years, robustness to such perturbations was pursued by training models from scratch (i.e., with random initializations) using specialized…

Background: Leaking sensitive information - such as API keys, tokens, and credentials - in source code remains a persistent security threat. Traditional regex and entropy-based tools often generate high false positives due to limited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Md Nafiu Rahman , Sadif Ahmed , Zahin Wahab , S M Sohan , Rifat Shahriyar

Language models retain a significant amount of world knowledge from their pre-training stage. This allows knowledgeable models to be applied to knowledge-intensive tasks prevalent in information retrieval, such as ranking or question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jonas Wallat , Tianyi Zhang , Avishek Anand

Transformer based code models have impressive performance in many software engineering tasks. However, their effectiveness degrades when symbols are missing or not informative. The reason is that the model may not learn to pay attention to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Zian Su , Xiangzhe Xu , Ziyang Huang , Zhuo Zhang , Yapeng Ye , Jianjun Huang , Xiangyu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have brought significant advancements to code generation, benefiting both novice and experienced developers. However, their training using unsanitized data from open-source repositories, like GitHub, introduces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Jiexin Wang , Liuwen Cao , Xitong Luo , Zhiping Zhou , Jiayuan Xie , Adam Jatowt , Yi Cai

Dense retrievers utilize pre-trained backbone language models (e.g., BERT, LLaMA) that are fine-tuned via contrastive learning to perform the task of encoding text into sense representations that can be then compared via a shallow…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zheng Yao , Shuai Wang , Guido Zuccon

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on a wide range of tasks. However, recent studies have shown that LLMs can memorize training data and simple repeated tokens can trick the model to leak the data. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yang Bai , Ge Pei , Jindong Gu , Yong Yang , Xingjun Ma
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