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Digitalization is a core component of the green transition. Today's focus is on quantifying and pre-dicting the climate effects of digitalization through various life-cycle assessments and baseline sce-nario methodologies. Here we argue…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Daria Gritsenko , Jon Aaen , Bent Flyvbjerg

The difficulty of balance between environment and energy consumption makes countries and enterprises face a dilemma, and improving energy efficiency has become one of the ways to solve this dilemma. Based on data of 158 countries from 1980…

General Economics · Economics 2021-07-26 Cunyi Yang , Tinghui Li , Khaldoon Albitar

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created unprecedented demands for computational power, yet methods for evaluating the performance, efficiency, and environmental impact of deployed models remain fragmented. Current…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hongyuan Liu , Xinyang Liu , Guosheng Hu

Climate change continues to be a pressing issue that currently affects society at-large. It is important that we as a society, including the Computer Vision (CV) community take steps to limit our impact on the environment. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Andre Fu , Justin Tran , Andy Xie , Jonathan Spraggett , Elisa Ding , Chang-Won Lee , Kanav Singla , Mahdi S. Hosseini , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis

This paper explores the environmental impact of the super-linear growth trends for AI from a holistic perspective, spanning Data, Algorithms, and System Hardware. We characterize the carbon footprint of AI computing by examining the model…

This study analyzes the potential of renewable energy sources to reduce the environmental impact of military expenditures in Turkiye. ARDL method is preferred in the analysis using annual data for the period 1990-2021. In addition, an…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-22 Emre Akusta

Artificial Intelligence is increasingly pervasive across domains, with ever more complex models delivering impressive predictive performance. This fast technological advancement however comes at a concerning environmental cost, with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Emilio Cruciani , Roberto Verdecchia

Climate change presents an existential threat to human societies and the Earth's ecosystems more generally. Mitigation strategies naturally require solving a wide range of challenging problems in science, engineering, and economics. In this…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being incorporated in several optimization, scheduling, orchestration as well as in native communication network functions. This paradigm shift results in increased energy consumption, however, quantifying…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Shih-Kai Chou , Jernej Hribar , Vid Hanžel , Mihael Mohorčič , Carolina Fortuna

The artificial intelligence industry is not an isolated economic phenomenon; it is the current physical substrate for a broader, multi-billion-year process: the evolution of an abstract intelligence on Earth. As the scale of computation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-29 William Yicheng Zhu , Lei Zhu

Public higher education systems face increasing financial pressures from expanding student populations, rising operational costs, and persistent demands for equitable access. Artificial Intelligence (AI), including generative tools such as…

Following the Paris Agreement of $2015$, most countries have agreed to reduce their carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) emissions according to individually set Nationally Determined Contributions. However, national CO$_2$ emissions are reported by…

Applications · Statistics 2021-02-26 Mikkel Bennedsen

Carbon matching aims to improve corporate carbon accounting by tracking emissions rather than energy consumption and production. We present a mathematical derivation of carbon matching using marginal emission rates, where the unit of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Nikky Avila , Hank He , Reza Rastegar , Jamie Tolan , Tobias Tiecke , Brian White

The rapid advancement of AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), has raised significant concerns about the energy use and carbon emissions associated with model training and inference. However, existing tools for measuring and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hongzhen Huang , Kunming Zhang , Hanlong Liao , Kui Wu , Guoming Tang

The fossil-fuel induced contribution to further warming over the 21st century will be determined largely by integrated CO2 emissions over time rather than the precise timing of the emissions, with a relation of near-proportionality between…

General Economics · Economics 2020-06-09 Ashwin K Seshadri

There is much disagreement concerning how best to control global carbon emissions. We explore quantitatively how different control schemes affect the collective emission dynamics of a population of emitting entities. We uncover a complex…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-07-12 Zhenyuan Zhao , Dan Fenn , Pak Ming Hui , Neil F. Johnson

Over recent decades, electricity demand has experienced sustained growth through widespread electrification of transportation and the accelerated expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Grids have managed the resulting surges by scaling…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Mathew Joseph , Tanush Savadi , Abel Souza

We propose a dedicated model to assist with the life cycle analysis of emissions of scientific computing centres. The model takes into account both the embodied carbon and emissions from use, as well as other factors such as data centre…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-10-03 Wim Vanderbauwhede , Mattias Wadenstein

The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is going through a period of great expectations, introducing a certain level of anxiety in research, business and also policy. This anxiety is further energised by an AI race narrative that makes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-09 The Anh Han , Luis Moniz Pereira , Tom Lenaerts , Francisco C. Santos

The European Union (EU) aims to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. This requires capturing CO2, eventually transporting it to different regions, and either converting it into valuable products or sequestering it underground. Although the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-23 Ricardo Fernandes , Martin Greiner , Marta Victoria
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