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Outsourcing in semiconductor industry opened up venues for faster and cost-effective chip manufacturing. However, this also introduced untrusted entities with malicious intent, to steal intellectual property (IP), overproduce the circuits,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Nimisha Limaye , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Logic locking proposed to protect integrated circuits from serious hardware threats has been studied extensively over a decade. In these years, many efficient logic locking techniques have been proven to be broken. The state-of-the-art…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Levent Aksoy , Muhammad Yasin , Samuel Pagliarini

In recent years, quantum computing has started to demonstrate superior efficiency to classical computing. In quantum computing, quantum circuits that implement specific quantum algorithms are usually not directly executable on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Yuntao Liu , Jayden John , Qian Wang

The globalization of the electronics supply chain requires effective methods to thwart reverse engineering and IP theft. Logic locking is a promising solution, but there are many open concerns. First, even when applied at a higher level of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Christian Pilato , Luca Collini , Luca Cassano , Donatella Sciuto , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

Logic locking protects an IC from threats such as piracy of design IP and unauthorized overproduction throughout the IC supply chain. Out of the several techniques proposed by the research community, provably-secure logic locking (PSLL) has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Satwik Patnaik , Nimisha Limaye , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Logic locking is a prominent technique to protect the integrity of hardware designs throughout the integrated circuit design and fabrication flow. However, in recent years, the security of locking schemes has been thoroughly challenged by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Dominik Sisejkovic , Farhad Merchant , Lennart M. Reimann , Harshit Srivastava , Ahmed Hallawa , Rainer Leupers

Logic locking (LL) has gained attention as a promising intellectual property protection measure for integrated circuits. However, recent attacks, facilitated by machine learning (ML), have shown the potential to predict the correct key in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yinghua Hu , Kaixin Yang , Subhajit Dutta Chowdhury , Pierluigi Nuzzo

Logic locking has become a promising approach to provide hardware security in the face of a possibly insecure fabrication supply chain. While many techniques have focused on locking combinational logic (CL), an alternative latch-locking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Dake Chen , Xuan Zhou , Yinghua Hu , Yuke Zhang , Kaixin Yang , Andrew Rittenbach , Pierluigi Nuzzo , Peter A. Beerel

Modern circuits face various threats like reverse engineering, theft of intellectual property (IP), side-channel attacks, etc. Here, we present a novel approach for IP protection based on logic encryption (LE). Unlike established schemes…

Logic locking as a solution for semiconductor intellectual property (IP) confidentiality has received considerable attention in academia, but has yet to produce a viable solution to protect against known threats. In part due to a lack of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jonathan Cruz , Jason Hamlet

Existing logic-locking attacks are known to successfully decrypt functionally correct key of a locked combinational circuit. It is possible to extend these attacks to real-world Silicon-based Intellectual Properties (IPs, which are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Seetal Potluri , Aydin Aysu , Akash Kumar

Logic locking aims to prevent intellectual property (IP) piracy and unauthorized overproduction of integrated circuits (ICs). However, initial logic locking techniques were vulnerable to the Boolean satisfiability (SAT)-based attacks. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Lilas Alrahis , Satwik Patnaik , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique , Ozgur Sinanoglu

The MiG-V was designed for high-security applications and is the first commercially available logic-locked RISC-V processor on the market. In this context logic locking was used to protect the RISC-V processor design during the untrusted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Lennart M. Reimann , Yadu Madhukumar Variyar , Lennet Huelser , Chiara Ghinami , Dominik Germek , Rainer Leupers

Logic locking is a method to prevent intellectual property (IP) piracy. However, under a reasonable attack model, SAT-based methods have proven to be powerful in obtaining the secret key. In response, many locking techniques have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Joseph Sweeney , Marijn J. H. Heule , Lawrence Pileggi

Logic locking has been a promising solution to many hardware security threats, such as intellectual property infringement and overproduction. Due to the increased attention that threats have received, many efficient specialized attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-12 F. Almeida , L. Aksoy , Q-L. Nguyen , S. Dupuis , M-L. Flottes , S. Pagliarini

Logic locking remains one of the most promising defenses against hardware piracy, yet current approaches often face challenges in scalability and design overhead. In this paper, we present TLGLock, a new design paradigm that leverages the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Abdullah Sahruri , Martin Margala

A challenge for programming language research is to design and implement multi-threaded low-level languages providing static guarantees for memory safety and freedom from data races. Towards this goal, we present a concurrent language…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2010-02-05 Prodromos Gerakios , Nikolaos Papaspyrou , Konstantinos Sagonas

Logic locking is a hardware security technique to intellectual property (IP) against security threats in the IC supply chain, especially untrusted fabs. Such techniques incorporate additional locking circuitry within an IC that induces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yuntao Liu , Michael Zuzak , Yang Xie , Abhishek Chakraborty , Ankur Srivastava

Logic locking is a promising technique for protecting integrated circuit designs while outsourcing their fabrication. Recently, graph neural network (GNN)-based link prediction attacks have been developed which can successfully break all…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Subhajit Dutta Chowdhury , Kaixin Yang , Pierluigi Nuzzo

The outsourcing of the design and manufacturing of integrated circuits has raised severe concerns about the piracy of Intellectual Properties and illegal overproduction. Logic locking has emerged as an obfuscation technique to protect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yadi Zhong , Ayush Jain , M. Tanjidur Rahman , Navid Asadizanjani , Jiafeng Xie , Ujjwal Guin