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Host-acting agents promise a convenient interaction model in which users specify goals and the system determines how to realize them. We argue that this convenience introduces a distinct security problem: semantic under-specification in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Di Lu , Yongzhi Liao , Xutong Mu , Lele Zheng , Ke Cheng , Xuewen Dong , Yulong Shen , Jianfeng Ma

Addressing contextual privacy concerns remains challenging in interactive settings where large language models (LLMs) process information from multiple sources (e.g., summarizing meetings with private and public information). We introduce a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Wenkai Li , Liwen Sun , Zhenxiang Guan , Xuhui Zhou , Maarten Sap

Karl Marx once wrote that ``the human essence is the ensemble of social relations'', suggesting that individuals are not isolated entities but are fundamentally shaped by their interactions with other entities, within which contexts play a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Qishuo Hua , Lyumanshan Ye , Dayuan Fu , Yang Xiao , Xiaojie Cai , Yunze Wu , Jifan Lin , Junfei Wang , Pengfei Liu

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have propelled intelligent agents from reactive responses to proactive support. While promising, existing proactive agents either rely exclusively on observations from enclosed environments…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Bufang Yang , Lilin Xu , Liekang Zeng , Kaiwei Liu , Siyang Jiang , Wenrui Lu , Hongkai Chen , Xiaofan Jiang , Guoliang Xing , Zhenyu Yan

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems evolve from stateless chatbots to autonomous multi-step agents, prompt engineering (PE), the discipline of crafting individual queries, proves necessary but insufficient. This paper introduces context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Vera V. Vishnyakova

GenAI-based coding assistants have disrupted software development. The next generation of these tools is agent-based, operating with more autonomy and potentially without human oversight. Like human developers, AI agents require contextual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Seyedmoein Mohsenimofidi , Matthias Galster , Christoph Treude , Sebastian Baltes

Individuals' concerns about data privacy and AI safety are highly contextualized and extend beyond sensitive patterns. Addressing these issues requires reasoning about the context to identify and mitigate potential risks. Though researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haoran Li , Yulin Chen , Huihao Jing , Wenbin Hu , Tsz Ho Li , Chanhou Lou , Hong Ting Tsang , Sirui Han , Yangqiu Song

Research interest in autonomous agents is on the rise as an emerging topic. The notable achievements of Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated the considerable potential to attain human-like intelligence in autonomous agents.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Hung Du , Srikanth Thudumu , Rajesh Vasa , Kon Mouzakis

Large Language Model (LLM) agents show considerable promise for automating complex tasks using contextual reasoning; however, interactions involving multiple agents and the system's susceptibility to prompt injection and other forms of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Kaiyuan Zhang , Zian Su , Pin-Yu Chen , Elisa Bertino , Xiangyu Zhang , Ninghui Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly integrated into computer-use agents, which can autonomously operate tools on a user's computer to accomplish complex tasks. However, due to the inherently unstable and unpredictable nature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Haitao Hu , Peng Chen , Yanpeng Zhao , Yuqi Chen

Context-awareness in smart mobile applications is a growing area of study, because of it's intelligence in the applications. In order to build context-aware intelligent applications, mining contextual behavioral rules of individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Iqbal H. Sarker

Understanding toxicity in user conversations is undoubtedly an important problem. Addressing "covert" or implicit cases of toxicity is particularly hard and requires context. Very few previous studies have analysed the influence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Atijit Anuchitanukul , Julia Ive , Lucia Specia

In ubiquitous computing domain context awareness is an important issue. So, in ubiquitous computing, mere protection of message confidentiality is not sufficient for most of the applications where context-awareness can lead to near…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Arijit Ukil

There is a growing need for cybersecurity professionals with practical knowledge and experience to meet societal needs and comply with new standards and regulations. At the same time, the advances in software technology and artificial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Charilaos Skandylas , Mikael Asplund

The ability to perform causal and counterfactual reasoning are central properties of human intelligence. Decision-making systems that can perform these types of reasoning have the potential to be more generalizable and interpretable.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Daniel McDuff , Yale Song , Jiyoung Lee , Vibhav Vineet , Sai Vemprala , Nicholas Gyde , Hadi Salman , Shuang Ma , Kwanghoon Sohn , Ashish Kapoor

When deployed, AI agents will encounter problems that are beyond their autonomous problem-solving capabilities. Leveraging human assistance can help agents overcome their inherent limitations and robustly cope with unfamiliar situations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Khanh Nguyen , Yonatan Bisk , Hal Daumé

Service-Oriented Computing delivers the promise of configuring and reconfiguring software systems to address user's needs in a dynamic way. Context-aware computing promises to capture the user's needs and hence the requirements they have on…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-06-23 Kamran Taj Pathan , Stephan Reiff-Marganiec

A decision procedure implemented over a computational trust mechanism aims to allow for decisions to be made regarding whether some entity or information should be trusted. As recognised in the literature, trust is contextual, and we…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-09-20 Federico Cerutti , Alice Toniolo , Nir Oren , Timothy J. Norman

Context is a rich concept and is an elusive concept to define. The concept of context has been studied by philosophers, linguists, psychologists, and recently by computer scientists. Within each research community the term context was…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2009-12-10 Kaiyu Wan

When users work with AI agents, they form conscious or subconscious expectations of them. Meeting user expectations is crucial for such agents to engage in successful interactions and teaming. However, users may form expectations of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Akkamahadevi Hanni , Jonathan Montaño , Yu Zhang