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The proliferation of misinformation necessitates robust yet computationally efficient fact verification systems. While current state-of-the-art approaches leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating explanatory rationales, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Alamgir Munir Qazi , John P. McCrae , Jamal Abdul Nasir

Building effective dense retrieval systems remains difficult when relevance supervision is not available. Recent work has looked to overcome this challenge by using a Large Language Model (LLM) to generate hypothetical documents that can be…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Nour Jedidi , Yung-Sung Chuang , Leslie Shing , James Glass

Two step document ranking, where the initial retrieval is done by a classical information retrieval method, followed by neural re-ranking model, is the new standard. The best performance is achieved by using transformer-based models as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Ivan Sekulić , Amir Soleimani , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Fabio Crestani

Large language models (LLMs) achieve optimal utility when their responses are grounded in external knowledge sources. However, real-world documents, such as annual reports, scientific papers, and clinical guidelines, frequently combine…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Chi Zhang , Qiyang Chen , Mengqi Zhang

With the proliferation of spatio-textual data, Top-k KNN spatial keyword queries (TkQs), which return a list of objects based on a ranking function that considers both spatial and textual relevance, have found many real-life applications.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Ziqi Yin , Shanshan Feng , Shang Liu , Gao Cong , Yew Soon Ong , Bin Cui

While most current approaches rely on further training techniques, such as fine-tuning or reinforcement learning, to enhance model capacities, model merging stands out for its ability of improving models without requiring any additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zehua Liu , Han Wu , Yuxuan Yao , Ruifeng She , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

Large reasoning models (LRMs) excel on complex problems but face a critical barrier to efficiency: reinforcement learning (RL) training requires long rollouts for outcome-based rewards, where autoregressive decoding dominates time and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zeliang Zhang , Xiaodong Liu , Hao Cheng , Hao Sun , Chenliang Xu , Jianfeng Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based text retrieval retrieves documents relevant to search queries based on vector similarities. Documents are pre-encoded offline, while queries arrive in real-time, necessitating an efficient online query…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Guangyuan Ma , Yongliang Ma , Xuanrui Gou , Zhenpeng Su , Ming Zhou , Songlin Hu

This paper explores a novel technique for improving recall in cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) systems using iterative query refinement grounded in the user's lexical-semantic space. The proposed methodology combines multi-level…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Karthik Ravichandran , Sarmistha Sarna Gomasta

In-context learning (ICL) has become a classic approach for enabling LLMs to handle various tasks based on a few input-output examples. The effectiveness of ICL heavily relies on the quality of these examples, and previous works which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yifu Chen , Bingchen Huang , Zhiling Wang , Yuanchao Du , Junfeng Luo , Lei Shen , Zhineng chen

Document retrieval is one of the most challenging tasks in Information Retrieval. It requires handling longer contexts, often resulting in higher query latency and increased computational overhead. Recently, Learned Sparse Retrieval (LSR)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Emmanouil Georgios Lionis , Jia-Huei Ju

An emerging recipe for achieving state-of-the-art effectiveness in neural document re-ranking involves utilizing large pre-trained language models - e.g., BERT - to evaluate all individual passages in the document and then aggregating the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Sebastian Hofstätter , Bhaskar Mitra , Hamed Zamani , Nick Craswell , Allan Hanbury

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant challenges in specialized domains like law, where precision and domain-specific knowledge are critical. This paper presents a streamlined two-stage framework consisting of Retrieval and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Van-Hoang Le , Duc-Vu Nguyen , Kiet Van Nguyen , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen

Modern retrieval pipelines increasingly rely on query reformulation and neural reranking to improve effectiveness, but this comes at a significant computational cost and introduces a fundamental tradeoff between recall and query drift.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-04 V Venktesh , Mandeep Rathee , Avishek Anand

Scientific retrieval is essential for advancing scientific knowledge discovery. Within this process, document reranking plays a critical role in refining first-stage retrieval results. However, standard LLM listwise reranking faces…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Runchu Tian , Xueqiang Xu , Bowen Jin , SeongKu Kang , Jiawei Han

Large language models (LLMs) have recently enabled remarkable progress in text representation. However, their embeddings are typically high-dimensional, leading to substantial storage and retrieval overhead. Although recent approaches such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhibo Zhang , Yang Xu , Kai Ming Ting , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Neural ranking methods based on large transformer models have recently gained significant attention in the information retrieval community, and have been adopted by major commercial solutions. Nevertheless, they are computationally…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Anik Saha , Oktie Hassanzadeh , Alex Gittens , Jian Ni , Kavitha Srinivas , Bulent Yener

In this work we present a systematic empirical study focused on the suitability of the state-of-the-art multilingual encoders for cross-lingual document and sentence retrieval tasks across a number of diverse language pairs. We first treat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Robert Litschko , Ivan Vulić , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Goran Glavaš

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly address domain-specific problems, their application in the financial sector has expanded rapidly. Tasks that are both highly valuable and time-consuming, such as analyzing financial statements,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Joohyun Lee , Minji Roh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are limited by their parametric knowledge, leading to hallucinations in knowledge-extensive tasks. To address this, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) incorporates external document chunks to expand LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Zhonghao Li , Xuming Hu , Aiwei Liu , Kening Zheng , Sirui Huang , Hui Xiong