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The self-attention mechanism, now central to deep learning architectures such as Transformers, is a modern instance of a more general computational principle: learning and using pairwise affinity matrices to control how information flows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Giorgio Roffo

In this work, we present the first general logic of attention. Attention is a powerful cognitive ability that allows agents to focus on potentially complex information, such as logically structured propositions, higher-order beliefs, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Gaia Belardinelli , Thomas Bolander , Sebastian Watzl

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. These capabilities stem primarily from the self-attention mechanism, which enables modeling of long-range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zeng You , Yaofo Chen , Shuhai Zhang , Zhijie Qiu , Tingyu Wu , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan

We describe an efficient hierarchical method to compute attention in the Transformer architecture. The proposed attention mechanism exploits a matrix structure similar to the Hierarchical Matrix (H-Matrix) developed by the numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Zhenhai Zhu , Radu Soricut

Modern generative models are usually designed to match target distributions directly in the data space, where the intrinsic dimension of data can be much lower than the ambient dimension. We argue that this discrepancy may contribute to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Zijun Zhang , Ruixiang Zhang , Zongpeng Li , Yoshua Bengio , Liam Paull

Aggregating information from features across different layers is an essential operation for dense prediction models. Despite its limited expressiveness, feature concatenation dominates the choice of aggregation operations. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Yung-Hsu Yang , Thomas E. Huang , Min Sun , Samuel Rota Bulò , Peter Kontschieder , Fisher Yu

Empathetic response generation aims to comprehend the cognitive and emotional states in dialogue utterances and generate proper responses. Psychological theories posit that comprehending emotional and cognitive states necessitates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhou Yang , Zhaochun Ren , Yufeng Wang , Chao Chen , Haizhou Sun , Xiaofei Zhu , Xiangwen Liao

Attention is an increasingly popular mechanism used in a wide range of neural architectures. The mechanism itself has been realized in a variety of formats. However, because of the fast-paced advances in this domain, a systematic overview…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Andrea Galassi , Marco Lippi , Paolo Torroni

Human agents routinely reason on instances with incomplete and muddied data (and weigh the cost of obtaining further features). In contrast, much of ML is devoted to the unrealistic, sterile environment where all features are observed and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yang Li , Junier Oliva

Variational autoencoders (VAE) often use Gaussian or category distribution to model the inference process. This puts a limit on variational learning because this simplified assumption does not match the true posterior distribution, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Ke Sun , Xiangliang Zhang

Attention mechanisms, and most prominently self-attention, are a powerful building block for processing not only text but also images. These provide a parameter efficient method for aggregating inputs. We focus on self-attention in vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Nichita Diaconu , Daniel E Worrall

Attention mechanisms are a central property of cognitive systems allowing them to selectively deploy cognitive resources in a flexible manner. Attention has been long studied in the neurosciences and there are numerous phenomenological…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Ryan Singh , Christopher L. Buckley

Image generation has been successfully cast as an autoregressive sequence generation or transformation problem. Recent work has shown that self-attention is an effective way of modeling textual sequences. In this work, we generalize a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Niki Parmar , Ashish Vaswani , Jakob Uszkoreit , Łukasz Kaiser , Noam Shazeer , Alexander Ku , Dustin Tran

End-to-end (E2E) speech recognition architectures assemble all components of traditional speech recognition system into a single model. Although it simplifies ASR system, it introduces contextual ASR drawback: the E2E model has worse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Zhengyi Zhang , Pan Zhou

Neural network based sequence-to-sequence models in an encoder-decoder framework have been successfully applied to solve Question Answering (QA) problems, predicting answers from statements and questions. However, almost all previous models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Huayu Li , Martin Renqiang Min , Yong Ge , Asim Kadav

This work studies the large sample properties of the posterior-based inference in the curved exponential family under increasing dimension. The curved structure arises from the imposition of various restrictions on the model, such as moment…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-05 Alexandre Belloni , Victor Chernozhukov

We propose a new attention mechanism for neural based question answering, which depends on varying granularities of the input. Previous work focused on augmenting recurrent neural networks with simple attention mechanisms which are a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Yoram Bachrach , Andrej Zukov-Gregoric , Sam Coope , Ed Tovell , Bogdan Maksak , Jose Rodriguez , Conan McMurtie

Attention mechanism has become the dominant module in natural language processing models. It is computationally intensive and depends on massive power-hungry multiplications. In this paper, we rethink variants of attention mechanism from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Yu Wan , Baosong Yang , Dayiheng Liu , Rong Xiao , Derek F. Wong , Haibo Zhang , Boxing Chen , Lidia S. Chao

The attention mechanism has been widely used in deep neural networks as a model component. By now, it has become a critical building block in many state-of-the-art natural language models. Despite its great success established empirically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Haoye Lu , Yongyi Mao , Amiya Nayak

The attention model has become a standard component in neural machine translation (NMT) and it guides translation process by selectively focusing on parts of the source sentence when predicting each target word. However, we find that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Long Zhou , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong