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Related papers: HateBench: Benchmarking Hate Speech Detectors on L…

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Hate speech (HS) classifiers do not perform equally well in detecting hateful expressions towards different target identities. They also demonstrate systematic biases in predicted hatefulness scores. Tapping on two recently proposed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yiping Jin , Leo Wanner , Aneesh Moideen Koya

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to a sophisticated form of adversarial prompting known as camouflaged jailbreaking. This method embeds malicious intent within seemingly benign language to evade existing safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Youjia Zheng , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

Large language models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous, thus it is important to understand their risks and limitations. Smaller LLMs can be deployed where compute resources are constrained, such as edge devices, but with different propensity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Berk Atil , Vipul Gupta , Sarkar Snigdha Sarathi Das , Rebecca J. Passonneau

Large language models (LLMs) have convincing performance in a variety of downstream tasks. However, these systems are prone to generating undesirable outputs such as harmful and biased text. In order to remedy such generations, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Manish Nagireddy , Inkit Padhi , Soumya Ghosh , Prasanna Sattigeri

Language Models (LMs) often cannot be deployed because of their potential to harm users in hard-to-predict ways. Prior work identifies harmful behaviors before deployment by using human annotators to hand-write test cases. However, human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Ethan Perez , Saffron Huang , Francis Song , Trevor Cai , Roman Ring , John Aslanides , Amelia Glaese , Nat McAleese , Geoffrey Irving

Despite recent concerns about undesirable behaviors generated by large language models (LLMs), including non-factual, biased, and hateful language, we find LLMs are inherent multi-task language checkers based on their latent representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Tianhua Zhang , Hongyin Luo , Yung-Sung Chuang , Wei Fang , Luc Gaitskell , Thomas Hartvigsen , Xixin Wu , Danny Fox , Helen Meng , James Glass

Computer-aided teacher training is a state-of-the-art method designed to enhance teachers' professional skills effectively while minimising concerns related to costs, time constraints, and geographical limitations. We investigate the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ewelina Gajewska , Michal Wawer , Katarzyna Budzynska , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in assisting scientific research, yet their ability to discover high-quality research hypotheses remains unexamined due to the lack of a dedicated benchmark. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yujie Liu , Zonglin Yang , Tong Xie , Jinjie Ni , Ben Gao , Yuqiang Li , Shixiang Tang , Wanli Ouyang , Erik Cambria , Dongzhan Zhou

Benchmarks are the de facto standard for tracking progress in large language models (LLMs), yet static test sets can rapidly saturate, become vulnerable to contamination, and are costly to refresh. Scalable evaluation of open-ended items…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yandan Zheng , Haoran Luo , Zhenghong Lin , Wenjin Liu , Luu Anh Tuan

Hateful memes are an emerging method of spreading hate on the internet, relying on both images and text to convey a hateful message. We take an interpretable approach to hateful meme detection, using machine learning and simple heuristics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Tanvi Deshpande , Nitya Mani

Considering the importance of detecting hateful language, labeled hate speech data is expensive and time-consuming to collect, particularly for low-resource languages. Prior work has demonstrated the effectiveness of cross-lingual transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Faeze Ghorbanpour , Daryna Dementieva , Alexander Fraser

In recent years, the increasing propagation of hate speech on social media and the urgent need for effective counter-measures have drawn significant investment from governments, companies, and researchers. A large number of methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Ziqi Zhang , Lei Luo

Social media platforms enable instant and ubiquitous connectivity and are essential to social interaction and communication in our technological society. Apart from its advantages, these platforms have given rise to negative behaviors in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Silvia García-Méndez , Francisco De Arriba-Pérez

Hate speech detection models are typically evaluated on held-out test sets. However, this risks painting an incomplete and potentially misleading picture of model performance because of increasingly well-documented systematic gaps and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Paul Röttger , Haitham Seelawi , Debora Nozza , Zeerak Talat , Bertie Vidgen

Detecting text generated by large language models (LLMs) is of great recent interest. With zero-shot methods like DetectGPT, detection capabilities have reached impressive levels. However, the reliability of existing detectors in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Junchao Wu , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Shu Yang , Xinyi Yang , Yulin Yuan , Lidia S. Chao

The widespread use of social media necessitates reliable and efficient detection of offensive content to mitigate harmful effects. Although sophisticated models perform well on individual datasets, they often fail to generalize due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Huy Nghiem , Hal Daumé

Jailbreak attacks cause large language models (LLMs) to generate harmful, unethical, or otherwise objectionable content. Evaluating these attacks presents a number of challenges, which the current collection of benchmarks and evaluation…

The widespread use of large language models (LLMs) is increasing the demand for methods that detect machine-generated text to prevent misuse. The goal of our study is to stress test the detectors' robustness to malicious attacks under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yichen Wang , Shangbin Feng , Abe Bohan Hou , Xiao Pu , Chao Shen , Xiaoming Liu , Yulia Tsvetkov , Tianxing He

Hate speech is a challenging issue plaguing the online social media. While better models for hate speech detection are continuously being developed, there is little research on the bias and interpretability aspects of hate speech. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Binny Mathew , Punyajoy Saha , Seid Muhie Yimam , Chris Biemann , Pawan Goyal , Animesh Mukherjee

Combating online hate speech in multilingual settings requires approaches that go beyond English-centric models and capture the cultural and linguistic diversity of global online discourse. This paper presents a comprehensive survey and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zahra Safdari Fesaghandis , Suman Kalyan Maity