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Time crystals are systems that spontaneously break time-translation symmetry, exhibiting repeating patterns in time. Recent work has shown that non-Hermitian Floquet systems can host a time crystalline phase with quasi-long-range order. In…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-03-31 Weihua Xie , Michael Kolodrubetz , Vadim Oganesyan , Daniel P. Arovas

The formation of a phase of matter can be associated with the spontaneous breaking of a symmetry. For crystallization, this broken symmetry is the spatial translation symmetry, as the atoms spontaneously localize in a periodic fashion. In…

Chimera states are a captivating occurrence in which a system composed of multiple interconnected elements exhibits a distinctive combination of synchronized and desynchronized behavior. The emergence of these states can be attributed to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-06-27 Mahbub Rahaman , Akitada Sakurai , Analabha Roy

Time crystals, as temporal analogs of space crystals, manifest as stable and periodic behavior that breaks time translation symmetry. In an open quantum system, many-body interaction subjected to dissipation allows one to develop the time…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Yuechun Jiao , Weilun Jiang , Yu Zhang , Jingxu Bai , Yunhui He , Heng Shen , Jianming Zhao , Suotang Jia

A time crystal is an exotic phase of matter where time-translational symmetry is broken; this phase differs from the spatial symmetry breaking induced in crystals in space. Lots of experiments report the transition from a thermal…

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a fundamental concept in many areas of physics, ranging from cosmology and particle physics to condensed matter. A prime example is the breaking of spatial translation symmetry, which underlies the formation…

We investigate the emergence of a time crystal in a driven-dissipative many-body spin array. In this system the interplay between incoherent spin pumping and collective emission stabilizes a synchronized non-equilibrium steady state which…

Time crystals are many-body systems that spontaneously break time-translation symmetry, and thus exhibit long-range spatiotemporal order and robust periodic motion. Recent results have demonstrated how to build time-crystal phases in driven…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-11 R. Hurtado-Gutiérrez , C. Pérez-Espigares , P. I. Hurtado

We investigate the behavior of two coupled non-linear photonic cavities, in presence of inhomogeneous coherent driving and local dissipations. By solving numerically the quantum master equation, either by diagonalizing the Liouvillian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-08 Kilian Seibold , Riccardo Rota , Vincenzo Savona

Dissipative time crystals can appear in spin systems, when the $Z_2$ symmetry of the Hamiltonian is broken by the environment, and the square of total spin operator $S^2$ is conserved. In this manuscript, we relax the latter condition and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-22 Gianluca Passarelli , Procolo Lucignano , Rosario Fazio , Angelo Russomanno

This study aims to provide evidence regarding the emergence of a class of dissipative time crystals when $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry of the systems is restored in collective spin systems with Lindblad dynamics. First, we show that a standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-25 Yuma Nakanishi , Tomohiro Sasamoto

Continuous time crystals, i.e., nonequilibrium phases with a spontaneously broken continuous time-translational symmetry, have been studied and recently observed in the long-time dynamics of open quantum systems. Here, we investigate a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Felix Russo , Thomas Pohl

In driven-dissipative systems, the presence of a strong symmetry guarantees the existence of several steady states belonging to different symmetry sectors. Here we show that, when a system with a strong symmetry is initialized in a quantum…

It has been argued that the existence of time crystals requires a spontaneous breakdown of the continuous time translation symmetry so to account for the unexpected non-stationary behavior of quantum observables in the ground state. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-23 Alex E. Bernardini , Orfeu Bertolami

Time crystals spontaneously break the time translation symmetry, as recently has been frequently reported in quantum systems. Here we describe the observation of classical analogues of both 1+1-dimensional and 2+1-dimensional discrete…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-24 Hanqing Zhao , Rui Zhang , Ivan I. Smalyukh

Boundary time crystals (BTCs) in dissipative collective spin systems have been extensively studied using numerical, mean-field, and perturbative approaches. However, an explicit Liouvillian description governing the long-time dynamics deep…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Dominik Nemeth , Alessandro Principi , Ahsan Nazir

Time crystals are a nonequilibrium phase of matter that extend fundamental spontaneous symmetry breaking into the temporal dimension, typically requiring external driving for their realization. Here, we explore the nonequilibrium phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Shu Yang , Zeqing Wang , Libin Fu , Jianwen Jie

In analogy to spontaneous breaking of continuous space translation symmetry in the process of space crystal formation, it was proposed that spontaneous breaking of continuous time translation symmetry could lead to time crystal formation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-29 Andrzej Syrwid , Jakub Zakrzewski , Krzysztof Sacha

Time crystals appear when systems display a commensurate spontaneous breaking of the discrete time translational invariance imposed by an external periodic drive. No consensus on the definition has been reached as yet, but important aspects…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-01-18 Robin Schäfer , Götz S. Uhrig , Joachim Stolze

We present a new route to ergodicity breaking via Hilbert space fragmentation that displays an unprecedented level of robustness. Our construction relies on a single emergent (prethermal) conservation law. In the limit when the conservation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-01-24 David T. Stephen , Oliver Hart , Rahul M. Nandkishore