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Related papers: Emulating OP_RAND in Bitcoin

200 papers

Attack the ping-pong protocol without eavesdropping.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Qing-yu Cai

The fundamental building blocks of the Bitcoin lightning network are bidirectional payment channels. We describe an extension of payment channels in the Proofgold network which allow the two parties to bet on whether a proposition will be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Chad E. Brown , Cezary Kaliszyk , Josef Urban

Bitcoin is firmly becoming a mainstream asset in our global society. Its highly volatile nature has traders and speculators flooding into the market to take advantage of its significant price swings in the hope of making money. This work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Nathan Crone , Eoin Brophy , Tomas Ward

Cooperation is fundamental for human prosperity. Blockchain, as a trust machine, is a cooperative institution in cyberspace that supports cooperation through distributed trust with consensus protocols. While studies in computer science…

General Economics · Economics 2023-01-23 Luyao Zhang , Xinyu Tian

Quantum gambling --- a secure remote two-party protocol which has no classical counterpart --- is demonstrated through optical approach. A photon is prepared by Alice in a superposition state of two potential paths. Then one path leads to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yong-Sheng Zhang , Chuan-Feng Li , Wan-Li Li , Yun-Feng Huang , Guang-Can Guo

We analyze Bitcoin mining from the perspective of a game and propose an optimal mining model that maximizes profits of pools and miners. The model is a two-stage Stackelberg game in which each stage forms a sub-game. In stage I, pools are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-22 David Lajeunesse , Hugo D. Scolnik

Smart contracts are stateful programs deployed on blockchains; they secure over a trillion dollars in transaction value per year. High-stakes smart contracts often rely on timely alerts about external events, but prior work has not analyzed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Marwa Mouallem , Lorenz Breidenbach , Ittay Eyal , Ari Juels

Bitcoin is an immutable permissionless blockchain system that has been extensively used as a public bulletin board by many different applications that heavily relies on its immutability. However, Bitcoin's immutability is not without its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Dominic Deuber , Bernardo Magri , Sri Aravinda Krishnan Thyagarajan

We propose an entanglement-based quantum bit string commitment protocol whose composability is proven in the random oracle model. This protocol has the additional property of preserving the privacy of the committed message. Even though this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Mariana Gama , Paulo Mateus , André Souto

Blockchain systems often rely on rationality assumptions for their security, expecting that nodes are motivated to maximize their profits. These systems thus design their protocols to incentivize nodes to execute the honest protocol but…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Haoqian Zhang , Mahsa Bastankhah , Louis-Henri Merino , Vero Estrada-Galiñanes , Bryan Ford

This work initiates an analysis of several cryptographic protocols from a rational point of view using a game-theoretical approach, which allows us to represent not only the protocols but also possible misbehaviours of parties. Concretely,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-17 P. Caballero-Gil , C. Hernández-Goya , C. Bruno-Castañeda

Blockchains offer strong security gurarantees, but cannot protect users against the ordering of transactions. Players such as miners, bots and validators can reorder various transactions and reap significant profits, called the Maximal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Arti Vedula , Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan , Abhishek Gupta

High voter turnout in elections and referendums is very desirable in order to ensure a robust democracy. Secure electronic voting is a vision for the future of elections and referendums. Such a system can counteract factors that hinder…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Maximilian Schiedermeier , Omar Hasan , Tobias Mayer , Lionel Brunie , Harald Kosch

We present efficient protocols for amortized secure multiparty computation with penalties and secure cash distribution, of which poker is a prime example. Our protocols have an initial phase where the parties interact with a cryptocurrency…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-14 Iddo Bentov , Ranjit Kumaresan , Andrew Miller

We study game-theoretic models for capturing participation in blockchain systems. Permissionless blockchains can be naturally viewed as games, where a set of potentially interested users is faced with the dilemma of whether to engage with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Pyrros Chaidos , Aggelos Kiayias , Evangelos Markakis

Battleships is a well known traditional board game for two players which dates from World War I. Though, the game has several digital version implementations, they are affected by similar major drawbacks such as fairness and a trust model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Guy Barshap

This paper proposes iblock, a comprehensive C++ library for Bitcoin simulation, designed for OMNeT++. iblock offers superior efficiency and scalability with respect to state-of-the-art simulators, which are typically written in high-level…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Niccolò Scatena , Pericle Perazzo , Giovanni Nardini

Cryptocurrencies, based on and led by Bitcoin, have shown promise as infrastructure for pseudonymous online payments, cheap remittance, trustless digital asset exchange, and smart contracts. However, Bitcoin-derived blockchain protocols…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-11-12 Ittay Eyal , Adem Efe Gencer , Emin Gun Sirer , Robbert van Renesse

Bitcoin is a digital currency and electronic payment system operating over a peer-to-peer network on the Internet. One of its most important properties is the high level of anonymity it provides for its users. The users are identified by…

Applications · Statistics 2019-04-12 Péter L. Juhász , József Stéger , Dániel Kondor , Gábor Vattay

Bitcoin demonstrated the possibility of a financial ledger that operates without the need for a trusted central authority. However, concerns persist regarding its security and considerable energy consumption. We assess the consensus…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jacob D. Leshno , Elaine Shi , Rafael Pass