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Large-scale Nearest Neighbor (NN) search, though widely utilized in the similarity search field, remains challenged by the computational limitations inherent in processing large scale data. In an effort to decrease the computational expense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ashley N. Abraham , Andrew Strelzoff , Haley R. Dozier , Althea C. Henslee , Mark A. Chappell

Although Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search has been extensively studied, large-k ANN queries that aim to retrieve a large number of nearest neighbors remain underexplored, despite their numerous real-world applications. Existing ANN…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ziqi Yin , Gao Cong , Kai Zeng , Jinwei Zhu , Bin Cui

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) plays an indispensable role in a wide variety of applications, including recommendation systems, information retrieval, and semantic search. Among the cutting-edge ANNS algorithms, graph-based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Weihong Xu , Junwei Chen , Po-Kai Hsu , Jaeyoung Kang , Minxuan Zhou , Sumukh Pinge , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a cornerstone algorithm for information retrieval, recommendation systems, and machine learning applications. While x86-based architectures have historically dominated this domain, the…

Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) has recently drawn a rapid increase of interest due to its core role in managing high-dimensional vector data in data science and AI applications. The interest is fueled by the success of neural embedding,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhen Peng , Minjia Zhang , Kai Li , Ruoming Jin , Bin Ren

Graph-based approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) methods (e.g., HNSW) have become the de facto state of the art for their high precision and low latency. To scale beyond main memory, recent out-of-memory ANNS systems leverage SSDs to…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Weichen Zhao , Yuncheng Lu , Yao Tian , Hao Zhang , Jiehui Li , Minghao Zhao , Yakun Li , Weining Qian

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a widely applied technique in modern intelligent applications, such as recommendation systems and vector databases. Therefore, efficient and high-throughput execution of ANN search has become…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zihan Liu , Wentao Ni , Jingwen Leng , Yu Feng , Cong Guo , Quan Chen , Chao Li , Minyi Guo , Yuhao Zhu

Vector databases have become a cornerstone of modern information retrieval, powering applications in recommendation, search, and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines. However, scaling approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search to…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Anıl Eren Göçer , Ioanna Tsakalidou , Hamish Nicholson , Kyoungmin Kim , Anastasia Ailamaki

Approximate nearest-neighbor search (ANNS) algorithms are a key part of the modern deep learning stack due to enabling efficient similarity search over high-dimensional vector space representations (i.e., embeddings) of data. Among various…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Magdalen Dobson Manohar , Zheqi Shen , Guy E. Blelloch , Laxman Dhulipala , Yan Gu , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri , Yihan Sun

We study the problem of approximate near neighbor (ANN) search and show the following results: - An improved framework for solving the ANN problem using locality-sensitive hashing, reducing the number of evaluations of locality-sensitive…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Tobias Christiani

Vector databases typically rely on approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search to retrieve the top-k closest vectors to a query in embedding space. While effective, this approach often yields semantically redundant results, missing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Rahul Raja , Arpita Vats

While memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs) offer an effective solution for few-shot learning (FSL) by integrating deep neural networks with external memory, the capacity requirements and energy overhead of data movement become enormous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Hao-Wei Chiang , Chi-Tse Huang , Hsiang-Yun Cheng , Po-Hao Tseng , Ming-Hsiu Lee , An-Yeu , Wu

Much recent work has been devoted to approximate nearest neighbor queries. Motivated by applications in recommender systems, we consider approximate furthest neighbor (AFN) queries and present a simple, fast, and highly practical data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Rasmus Pagh , Francesco Silvestri , Johan Sivertsen , Matthew Skala

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search on SSD-backed indexes is increasingly I/O-bound (I/O accounts for 70--90\% of query latency). We present an I/O-first framework for disk-based ANN that organizes techniques along three dimensions:…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Liang Li , Shufeng Gong , Yanan Yang , Yiduo Wang , Jie Wu

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a core primitive in modern AI systems, and graph-based methods currently offer the best accuracy-efficiency trade-off at scale. The workload is fundamentally memory-bound: graph traversal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sitian Chen , Yusen Li , Yao Chen , Minwen Deng , Jintao Meng , Amelie Chi Zhou

Approximate K nearest neighbor (AKNN) search is a fundamental and challenging problem. We observe that in high-dimensional space, the time consumption of nearly all AKNN algorithms is dominated by that of the distance comparison operations…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Jianyang Gao , Cheng Long

In this paper, we present an experimental comparison of various graph-based approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search algorithms deployed on edge devices for real-time nearest neighbor search applications, such as smart city infrastructure…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Ali Ganbarov , Jicheng Yuan , Anh Le-Tuan , Manfred Hauswirth , Danh Le-Phuoc

Filtered approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) restricts the search to data objects whose attributes satisfy a given filter and retrieves the top-$K$ objects that are most semantically similar to the query object. Many graph-based ANNS…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Wu , Dixin Tang

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is fundamental to modern AI applications. Most existing solutions optimize query efficiency but fail to align with the practical requirements of modern workloads. In this paper, we outline six…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Kejing Lu , Zhenpeng Pan , Jianbin Qin , Yoshiharu Ishikawa , Chuan Xiao

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is a popular tool for automatically generating Neural Network (NN) architectures. In early NAS works, these tools typically optimized NN architectures for a single metric, such as accuracy. However, in the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Emil Njor , Jan Madsen , Xenofon Fafoutis