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Analyzing medical data to find abnormalities is a time-consuming and costly task, particularly for rare abnormalities, requiring tremendous efforts from medical experts. Artificial intelligence has become a popular tool for the automatic…

Recent progress in generative AI, especially diffusion models, has demonstrated significant utility in text-to-image synthesis. Particularly in healthcare, these models offer immense potential in generating synthetic datasets and training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yan Luo , Muhammad Osama Khan , Congcong Wen , Muhammad Muneeb Afzal , Titus Fidelis Wuermeling , Min Shi , Yu Tian , Yi Fang , Mengyu Wang

Semantic segmentation of medical images is pivotal in applications like disease diagnosis and treatment planning. While deep learning has excelled in automating this task, a major hurdle is the need for numerous annotated segmentation…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-02 Li Zhang , Basu Jindal , Ahmed Alaa , Robert Weinreb , David Wilson , Eran Segal , James Zou , Pengtao Xie

Deep learning models have emerged as a powerful tool for various medical applications. However, their success depends on large, high-quality datasets that are challenging to obtain due to privacy concerns and costly annotation. Generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Milad Yazdani , Yasamin Medghalchi , Pooria Ashrafian , Ilker Hacihaliloglu , Dena Shahriari

The tremendous progress in neural image generation, coupled with the emergence of seemingly omnipotent vision-language models has finally enabled text-based interfaces for creating and editing images. Handling generic images requires a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Omri Avrahami , Ohad Fried , Dani Lischinski

This paper presents a novel approach to simulating electronic health records (EHRs) using diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs). Specifically, we demonstrate the effectiveness of DPMs in synthesising longitudinal EHRs that capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Nicholas I-Hsien Kuo , Louisa Jorm , Sebastiano Barbieri

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) and generative AI is fundamentally transforming information retrieval and processing on the Internet, bringing both great potential and significant concerns regarding content authenticity and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Michele Garetto , Alessandro Cornacchia , Franco Galante , Emilio Leonardi , Alessandro Nordio , Alberto Tarable

In order to fully harness the potential of machine learning, it is crucial to establish a system that renders the field more accessible and less daunting for individuals who may not possess a comprehensive understanding of its intricacies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-31 Saikat Barua , Sifat Momen

Diffusion models have revolutionized image generation, yet several challenges restrict their application to large-image domains, such as digital pathology and satellite imagery. Given that it is infeasible to directly train a model on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Srikar Yellapragada , Alexandros Graikos , Kostas Triaridis , Prateek Prasanna , Rajarsi R. Gupta , Joel Saltz , Dimitris Samaras

Novel architectures have recently improved generative image synthesis leading to excellent visual quality in various tasks. Of particular note is the field of ``AI-Art'', which has seen unprecedented growth with the emergence of powerful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Robin Rombach , Andreas Blattmann , Björn Ommer

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating text that closely resembles human writing across wide range of styles and genres. However, such capabilities are prone to potential abuse, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Harika Abburi , Kalyani Roy , Michael Suesserman , Nirmala Pudota , Balaji Veeramani , Edward Bowen , Sanmitra Bhattacharya

Synthetic data has the potential to improve the performance, training efficiency, and privacy of real training examples. Nevertheless, existing approaches for synthetic text generation are mostly heuristics and cannot generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Dang Nguyen , Zeman Li , Mohammadhossein Bateni , Vahab Mirrokni , Meisam Razaviyayn , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Synthetic medical image generation has a huge potential for improving healthcare through many applications, from data augmentation for training machine learning systems to preserving patient privacy. Conditional Adversarial Generative…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-05 Mohammad Havaei , Ximeng Mao , Yiping Wang , Qicheng Lao

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly populating medical records with synthetic content, creating a feedback loop where future models are increasingly at risk of training on uncurated AI-generated data. However, the clinical…

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into medical applications has sparked widespread interest across the healthcare industry, from drug discovery and development to clinical decision support, assisting telemedicine, medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zifeng Wang , Hanyin Wang , Benjamin Danek , Ying Li , Christina Mack , Hoifung Poon , Yajuan Wang , Pranav Rajpurkar , Jimeng Sun

Training and fine-tuning deep learning models, especially large language models (LLMs), on limited and imbalanced datasets poses substantial challenges. These issues often result in poor generalization, where models overfit to dominant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ashok Choudhary , Cornelius Thiels , Hojjat Salehinejad

The vast amount of biomedical information available today presents a significant challenge for investigators seeking to digest, process, and understand these findings effectively. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Alexander R. Pelletier , Joseph Ramirez , Irsyad Adam , Simha Sankar , Yu Yan , Ding Wang , Dylan Steinecke , Wei Wang , Peipei Ping

Fine-tuning for large language models (LLMs) typically requires substantial amounts of high-quality supervised data, which is both costly and labor-intensive to acquire. While synthetic data generation has emerged as a promising solution,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zihong Chen , Wanli Jiang , Jinzhe Li , Zhonghang Yuan , Huanjun Kong , Wanli Ouyang , Nanqing Dong

Over the past years, image generation and manipulation have achieved remarkable progress due to the rapid development of generative AI based on deep learning. Recent studies have devoted significant efforts to address the problem of face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Yuhang Lu , Touradj Ebrahimi

Autonomous agents operating on the graphical user interfaces (GUIs) of various applications hold immense practical value. Unlike the large language model (LLM)-based methods which rely on structured texts and customized backends, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xuetian Chen , Hangcheng Li , Jiaqing Liang , Sihang Jiang , Deqing Yang