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The proposed article aims at offering a comprehensive tutorial for the computational aspects of structured matrix and tensor factorization. Unlike existing tutorials that mainly focus on {\it algorithmic procedures} for a small set of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Xiao Fu , Nico Vervliet , Lieven De Lathauwer , Kejun Huang , Nicolas Gillis

This paper studies the stability of low-rank implicit regularization in perturbed deep matrix factorization, where the target matrix is corrupted by a noise matrix. We first derive sufficient spectral conditions under which gradient descent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Jingzhe Wang , Hung-Hsu Chou

With the growth of model and data sizes, a broad effort has been made to design pruning techniques that reduce the resource demand of deep learning pipelines, while retaining model performance. In order to reduce both inference and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Dayana Savostianova , Emanuele Zangrando , Gianluca Ceruti , Francesco Tudisco

We propose an algorithm for solving nonlinear convex programs defined in terms of a symmetric positive semidefinite matrix variable $X$. This algorithm rests on the factorization $X=Y Y^T$, where the number of columns of Y fixes the rank of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-08-25 M. Journée , F. Bach , P. -A. Absil , R. Sepulchre

In the past decade, matrix factorization has been extensively researched and has become one of the most popular techniques for personalized recommendations. Nevertheless, the dot product adopted in matrix factorization based recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Shuai Zhang , Lina Yao , Yi Tay , Xiwei Xu , Xiang Zhang , Liming Zhu

Many problems encountered in science and engineering can be formulated as estimating a low-rank object (e.g., matrices and tensors) from incomplete, and possibly corrupted, linear measurements. Through the lens of matrix and tensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Cong Ma , Xingyu Xu , Tian Tong , Yuejie Chi

This paper considers general rank-constrained optimization problems that minimize a general objective function $f(X)$ over the set of rectangular $n\times m$ matrices that have rank at most $r$. To tackle the rank constraint and also to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Zhihui Zhu , Qiuwei Li , Gongguo Tang , Michael B. Wakin

We analyze a distributed algorithm to compute a low-rank matrix factorization on $N$ clients, each holding a local dataset $\mathbf{S}^i \in \mathbb{R}^{n_i \times d}$, mathematically, we seek to solve $min_{\mathbf{U}^i \in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Constantin Philippenko , Kevin Scaman , Laurent Massoulié

Gradient-based deep-learning algorithms exhibit remarkable performance in practice, but it is not well-understood why they are able to generalize despite having more parameters than training examples. It is believed that implicit bias is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Gal Vardi

We present new results on Boolean matrix factorization and a new algorithm based on these results. The results emphasize the significance of factorizations that provide from-below approximations of the input matrix. While the previously…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-06-26 Radim Belohlavek , Martin Trnecka

Matrix factorization is a popular approach for large-scale matrix completion. The optimization formulation based on matrix factorization can be solved very efficiently by standard algorithms in practice. However, due to the non-convexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Ruoyu Sun , Zhi-Quan Luo

Algorithmic approaches endow deep learning systems with implicit bias that helps them generalize even in over-parametrized settings. In this paper, we focus on understanding such a bias induced in learning through dropout, a popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Poorya Mianjy , Raman Arora , Rene Vidal

Gradient descent dynamics on the deep matrix factorization problem is extensively studied as a simplified theoretical model for deep neural networks. Although the convergence theory for two-layer matrix factorization is well-established, no…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Minrui Luo , Weihang Xu , Xiang Gao , Maryam Fazel , Simon Shaolei Du

We introduce a probabilistic model with implicit norm regularization for learning nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) that is commonly used for predicting missing values and finding hidden patterns in the data, in which the matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Jun Lu , Christine P. Chai

Low-rank matrix factorization (MF) is an important technique in data science. The key idea of MF is that there exists latent structures in the data, by uncovering which we could obtain a compressed representation of the data. By factorizing…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2016-05-09 Yuan Lu , Jie Yang

When optimizing over-parameterized models, such as deep neural networks, a large set of parameters can achieve zero training error. In such cases, the choice of the optimization algorithm and its respective hyper-parameters introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Gauthier Gidel , Francis Bach , Simon Lacoste-Julien

Matrix factorization is a key component of collaborative filtering-based recommendation systems because it allows us to complete sparse user-by-item ratings matrices under a low-rank assumption that encodes the belief that similar users…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-04-22 Aleksandr Y. Aravkin , Kush R. Varshney , Liu Yang

Implicit regularization refers to the tendency of local search algorithms to converge to low-dimensional solutions, even when such structures are not explicitly enforced. Despite its ubiquity, the mechanism underlying this behavior remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jianhao Ma , Geyu Liang , Salar Fattahi

Matrix factorization is a widely used approach for top-N recommendation and collaborative filtering. When implemented on implicit feedback data (such as clicks), a common heuristic is to upweight the observed interactions. This strategy has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Alex Ayoub , Samuel Robertson , Dawen Liang , Harald Steck , Nathan Kallus

Implicit bias is the unconscious attribution of particular qualities (or lack thereof) to a member from a particular social group (e.g., defined by gender or race). Studies on implicit bias have shown that these unconscious stereotypes can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-27 L. Elisa Celis , Anay Mehrotra , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi