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Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as effective surrogate models and candidate generators within global optimization frameworks for expensive blackbox functions. Despite promising results, LLM-based methods often struggle in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Andrej Schwanke , Lyubomir Ivanov , David Salinas , Fabio Ferreira , Aaron Klein , Frank Hutter , Arber Zela

Creating robots that can assist in farms and gardens can help reduce the mental and physical workload experienced by farm workers. We tackle the problem of object search in a farm environment, providing a method that allows a robot to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Advaith Balaji , Saket Pradhan , Dmitry Berenson

A burgeoning area within reinforcement learning (RL) is the design of sequential decision-making agents centered around large language models (LLMs). While autonomous decision-making agents powered by modern LLMs could facilitate numerous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dilip Arumugam , Thomas L. Griffiths

We study Bayesian optimization (BO) in high-dimensional and non-stationary scenarios. Existing algorithms for such scenarios typically require extensive hyperparameter tuning, which limits their practical effectiveness. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Fengxue Zhang , Jialin Song , James Bowden , Alexander Ladd , Yisong Yue , Thomas A. Desautels , Yuxin Chen

The rapid expansion of context length in large language models (LLMs) has outpaced existing evaluation benchmarks. Current long-context benchmarks often trade off scalability and realism: synthetic tasks underrepresent real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ziyang Chen , Xing Wu , Junlong Jia , Chaochen Gao , Qi Fu , Debing Zhang , Songlin Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in language understanding and reasoning across diverse domains. Recently, there has been increasing interest in utilizing LLMs not merely as assistants in optimization tasks, but…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jie Zhao , Tao Wen , Kang Hao Cheong

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate robust capabilities across various fields, leading to a paradigm shift in LLM-enhanced Recommender System (RS). Research to date focuses on point-wise and pair-wise recommendation paradigms, which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Wen-Shuo Chao , Zhi Zheng , Hengshu Zhu , Hao Liu

Optimization is ubiquitous. While derivative-based algorithms have been powerful tools for various problems, the absence of gradient imposes challenges on many real-world applications. In this work, we propose Optimization by PROmpting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Chengrun Yang , Xuezhi Wang , Yifeng Lu , Hanxiao Liu , Quoc V. Le , Denny Zhou , Xinyun Chen

Recently there has been a surge of interest in operations research (OR) and the machine learning (ML) community in combining prediction algorithms and optimization techniques to solve decision-making problems in the face of uncertainty.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Utsav Sadana , Abhilash Chenreddy , Erick Delage , Alexandre Forel , Emma Frejinger , Thibaut Vidal

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a sequential approach for optimizing black-box objective functions using zeroth-order noisy observations. In BO, Gaussian processes (GPs) are employed as probabilistic surrogate models to estimate the objective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Dongwon Kim , Matteo Zecchin , Sangwoo Park , Joonhyuk Kang , Osvaldo Simeone

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful approach for seeking the global optimum of expensive black-box functions and has proven successful for fine tuning hyper-parameters of machine learning models. However, BO is practically limited to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-28 Riccardo Moriconi , Marc P. Deisenroth , K. S. Sesh Kumar

Due to the demand for efficient fine-tuning of large language models, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has been widely adopted as one of the most effective parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods. Nevertheless, while LoRA improves efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Naibin Gu , Zhenyu Zhang , Xiyu Liu , Peng Fu , Zheng Lin , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Weiping Wang , Haifeng Wang

Bayesian Optimisation (BO) is a state-of-the-art global optimisation technique for black-box problems where derivative information is unavailable, and sample efficiency is crucial. However, improving the general scalability of BO has proved…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-13 Luo Long , Coralia Cartis , Paz Fink Shustin

Large Language Models (LLMs) recently achieved great success in medical text summarization by simply using in-context learning. However, these recent efforts do not perform fine-grained evaluations under difficult settings where LLMs might…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Gunjan Balde , Soumyadeep Roy , Mainack Mondal , Niloy Ganguly

We study the potential of using large language models (LLMs) as an interactive optimizer for solving maximization problems in a text space using natural language and numerical feedback. Inspired by the classical optimization literature, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Allen Nie , Ching-An Cheng , Andrey Kolobov , Adith Swaminathan

Large language models (LLMs) continue to struggle with low-resource languages, primarily due to limited training data, translation noise, and unstable cross-lingual alignment. To address these challenges, we propose LiRA (Linguistic Robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haolin Li , Haipeng Zhang , Mang Li , Yaohua Wang , Lijie Wen , Yu Zhang , Biqing Huang

This article develops a Bayesian optimization (BO) method which acts directly over raw strings, proposing the first uses of string kernels and genetic algorithms within BO loops. Recent applications of BO over strings have been hindered by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Henry B. Moss , Daniel Beck , Javier Gonzalez , David S. Leslie , Paul Rayson

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, but most existing methods emphasize feasible-instance solution generation and do not explicitly address infeasibility detection. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yakun Wang , Min Chen , Zeguan Wu , Junyu Liu , Sitao Zhang , Zhenwen Shao

Mathematical optimization is a powerful tool for structured decision-making across domains such as resource allocation and planning. Formulating optimization models faithful to reality, though, remains a significant bottleneck as it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Eleni Straitouri , Cheol Woo Kim , Milind Tambe

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced Automated Heuristic Design (AHD) in combinatorial optimization (CO) in the past few years. However, existing discovery pipelines often require extensive manual trial-and-error or reliance on domain…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mingxin Yu , Ruixiao Yang , Chuchu Fan
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