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Previous research observed accuracy degradation when replacing the attention softmax with a point-wise activation such as ReLU. In the context of vision transformers, we find that this degradation is mitigated when dividing by sequence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Mitchell Wortsman , Jaehoon Lee , Justin Gilmer , Simon Kornblith

Vision transformers have demonstrated remarkable success in classification by leveraging global self-attention to capture long-range dependencies. However, this same mechanism can obscure fine-grained spatial details crucial for tasks such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Sina Hajimiri , Farzad Beizaee , Fereshteh Shakeri , Christian Desrosiers , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

Many models of visual attention have been proposed so far. Traditional bottom-up models, like saliency models, fail to replicate human gaze patterns, and deep gaze prediction models lack biological plausibility due to their reliance on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-28 Takuto Yamamoto , Hirosato Akahoshi , Shigeru Kitazawa

As the core operator of Transformers, Softmax Attention exhibits excellent global modeling capabilities. However, its quadratic complexity limits its applicability to vision tasks. In contrast, Linear Attention shares a similar formulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Qihang Fan , Huaibo Huang , Yuang Ai , Ran He

The quadratic cost of softmax attention limits Transformer scalability in high-resolution vision. We introduce Infinite Self-Attention (InfSA), a spectral reformulation that treats each attention layer as a diffusion step on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Giorgio Roffo , Hazem Abdelkawy , Nilli Lavie , Luke Palmer

While transformer architectures have dominated computer vision in recent years, these models cannot easily be deployed on hardware with limited resources for autonomous driving tasks that require real-time-performance. Their computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Nikolas Ebert , Laurenz Reichardt , Didier Stricker , Oliver Wasenmüller

Although Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved significant success, their intensive computations and substantial memory overheads challenge their deployment on edge devices. To address this, efficient ViTs have emerged, typically…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Zhongfeng Wang

Recently, the vision transformer (ViT) has made breakthroughs in image recognition. Its self-attention mechanism (MSA) can extract discriminative labeling information of different pixel blocks to improve image classification accuracy.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Chao Hu , Liqiang Zhu , Weibin Qiu , Weijie Wu

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have attracted a lot of popularity in recent years, due to their exceptional capabilities in modeling long-range spatial dependencies and scalability for large scale training. Although the training parallelism of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Ali Hatamizadeh , Michael Ranzinger , Shiyi Lan , Jose M. Alvarez , Sanja Fidler , Jan Kautz

While models derived from Vision Transformers (ViTs) have been phonemically surging, pre-trained models cannot seamlessly adapt to arbitrary resolution images without altering the architecture and configuration, such as sampling the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Song Zhang , Qingzhong Wang , Jiang Bian , Haoyi Xiong

The paper proposes an efficient structure for enhancing the performance of mobile-friendly vision transformer with small computational overhead. The vision transformer (ViT) is very attractive in that it reaches outperforming results in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Gyeongdong Yang , Yungwook Kwon , Hyunjin Kim

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have revolutionized computer vision, yet their self-attention mechanism lacks explicit spatial inductive biases, leading to suboptimal performance on spatially-structured tasks. Existing approaches introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yuxin Mao , Zhen Qin , Jinxing Zhou , Bin Fan , Jing Zhang , Yiran Zhong , Yuchao Dai

The softmax content-based attention mechanism has proven to be very beneficial in many applications of recurrent neural networks. Nevertheless it suffers from two major computational limitations. First, its computations for an attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-20 Alexandre de Brébisson , Pascal Vincent

In recent computer vision research, the advent of the Vision Transformer (ViT) has rapidly revolutionized various architectural design efforts: ViT achieved state-of-the-art image classification performance using self-attention found in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Yuki Tatsunami , Masato Taki

Large transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results in numerous natural language processing tasks. Among the pivotal components of the transformer architecture, the attention mechanism plays a crucial role in capturing token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yichuan Deng , Zhao Song , Kaijun Yuan , Tianyi Zhou

The attention mechanism is the key to the success of transformers in different machine learning tasks. However, the quadratic complexity with respect to the sequence length of the vanilla softmax-based attention mechanism becomes the major…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Chong Wu , Maolin Che , Renjie Xu , Zhuoheng Ran , Hong Yan

Recently, Transformer architecture has been introduced into image restoration to replace convolution neural network (CNN) with surprising results. Considering the high computational complexity of Transformer with global attention, some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Zheng Chen , Yulun Zhang , Jinjin Gu , Yongbing Zhang , Linghe Kong , Xin Yuan

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have become a universal backbone for both image recognition and image generation. Yet their Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHSA) layer still performs a quadratic query-key interaction for every token pair, spending…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yifan Pu , Jixuan Ying , Qixiu Li , Tianzhu Ye , Dongchen Han , Xiaochen Wang , Ziyi Wang , Xinyu Shao , Gao Huang , Xiu Li

Learning discriminative spatiotemporal representation is the key problem of video understanding. Recently, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown their power in learning long-term video dependency with self-attention. Unfortunately, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Kunchang Li , Yali Wang , Yinan He , Yizhuo Li , Yi Wang , Limin Wang , Yu Qiao

Vision Transformers (ViTs) take all the image patches as tokens and construct multi-head self-attention (MHSA) among them. Complete leverage of these image tokens brings redundant computations since not all the tokens are attentive in MHSA.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Youwei Liang , Chongjian Ge , Zhan Tong , Yibing Song , Jue Wang , Pengtao Xie