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Computer-Using Agents (CUAs) aim to autonomously operate computer systems to complete real-world tasks. However, existing agentic systems remain difficult to scale and lag behind human performance. A key limitation is the absence of…

Vision-language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities as computer-use agents (CUAs) capable of automating diverse computer tasks. As their commercial potential grows, critical details of the most capable CUA systems remain…

Computer-use agents face a fundamental limitation. They rely exclusively on primitive GUI actions (click, type, scroll), creating brittle execution chains prone to cascading failures. While API-driven agents harness rich capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuhao Yang , Zhen Yang , Zi-Yi Dou , Anh Nguyen , Keen You , Omar Attia , Andrew Szot , Michael Feng , Ram Ramrakhya , Alexander Toshev , Chao Huang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

Computer-use agent (CUA) frameworks, powered by large language models (LLMs) or multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), are rapidly maturing as assistants that can perceive context, reason, and act directly within software environments. Among their most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Weidi Luo , Qiming Zhang , Tianyu Lu , Xiaogeng Liu , Bin Hu , Hung-Chun Chiu , Siyuan Ma , Yizhe Zhang , Xusheng Xiao , Yinzhi Cao , Zhen Xiang , Chaowei Xiao

Computer Use Agents (CUAs) operate interfaces by pointing, clicking, and typing -- mirroring interactions of sighted users (SUs) who can thus monitor CUAs and share control. CUAs do not reflect interactions by blind and low-vision users…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Ananya Gubbi Mohanbabu , Rosiana Natalie , Brandon Kim , Anhong Guo , Amy Pavel

Computer Use Agents (CUAs), autonomous systems that interact with software interfaces via browsers or virtual machines, are rapidly being deployed in consumer and enterprise environments. These agents introduce novel attack surfaces and…

Computer-Use Agents (CUA) are becoming increasingly capable of autonomously operating digital environments through Graphical User Interfaces (GUI). Yet, most GUI remain designed primarily for humans--prioritizing aesthetics and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Siyuan Hu , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Philip Torr , Mike Zheng Shou

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, powered by Large Foundation Models, have emerged as a transformative approach to automating human-computer interaction. These agents autonomously interact with digital systems or software applications…

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has introduced a new paradigm in automation: LLM agents or Agentic Automation with Computer Use (AACU). Unlike traditional Robotic Process Automation (RPA), which relies on rule-based workflows…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Petr Průcha , Michaela Matoušková , Jan Strnad

Computer-Use Agents (CUAs) are emerging as a new paradigm in human-computer interaction, enabling autonomous execution of tasks in desktop environment by perceiving high-level natural-language instructions. As such agents become…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Marta Sumyk , Oleksandr Kosovan

We introduce GUI-360$^\circ$, a large-scale, comprehensive dataset and benchmark suite designed to advance computer-using agents (CUAs). CUAs present unique challenges and is constrained by three persistent gaps: a scarcity of real-world…

Computer-Using Agents (CUAs) are rapidly extending large language models (LLMs) beyond text-based reasoning toward action execution in more complex environments, such as web browsers and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). However, existing…

Computer Use Agents (CUAs) are designed to autonomously operate digital interfaces, yet they often fail to reliably determine whether a given task has been completed. We present an autonomous evaluation and feedback framework that uses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Marta Sumyk , Oleksandr Kosovan

While current Computer Use Agent (CUA) benchmarks measure task completion effectively, they provide limited assessment of enterprise deployment readiness, emphasizing functional correctness over the operational reliability required for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Horia Cristescu , Charles Park , Trong Canh Nguyen , Sergiu Talmacel , Alexandru-Gabriel Ilie , Stefan Adam

Autonomous agents that navigate Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) to automate tasks like document editing and file management can greatly enhance computer workflows. While existing research focuses on online settings, desktop environments,…

Web applications are prime targets for cyberattacks as gateways to critical services and sensitive data. Traditional penetration testing is costly and expertise-intensive, making it difficult to scale with the growing web ecosystem. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xiaoxue Ren , Penghao Jiang , Kaixin Li , Zhiyong Huang , Xiaoning Du , Jiaojiao Jiang , Zhenchang Xing , Jiamou Sun , Terry Yue Zhuo

Usability testing with experts and potential users can assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) but doing so remains a costly and time-intensive process. Prior work has used computer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Alice Gao , Weixi Tong , Rishab Vempati , Katharina Reinecke , R. Benjamin Shapiro , Tianyi Zhang , Jason Wu

Computer-use agents(CUAs)are moving frombounded benchmarks toward real software environments, wherethey operate browsers, desktops, mobile applications, flesystems,terminals, and tool backends. In such settings, reliability isno longer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zejian Chen , Zhanyuan Liu , Chaozhuo Li , Mengxiang Han , Songyang Liu , Litian Zhang , Feng Gao , Yiming Hei , Xi Zhang

Recent Computer-Using Agents (CUAs), powered by multimodal large language models (LLMs), offer a promising direction for automating complex desktop workflows through natural language. However, most existing CUAs remain conceptual…

We present Agent S, an open agentic framework that enables autonomous interaction with computers through a Graphical User Interface (GUI), aimed at transforming human-computer interaction by automating complex, multi-step tasks. Agent S…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Saaket Agashe , Jiuzhou Han , Shuyu Gan , Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Xin Eric Wang
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