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As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into many technological ecosystems across various domains and industries, identifying which model is deployed or being interacted with is critical for the security and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Saeif Alhazbi , Ahmed Mohamed Hussain , Gabriele Oligeri , Panos Papadimitratos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results across diverse domains, yet their development remains reliant on vast amounts of publicly available data, raising concerns about data scarcity and the lack of access to…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, but fine-tuning them for domain-specific applications often requires substantial domain-specific data that may be distributed across multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Lei Wang , Jieming Bian , Letian Zhang , Jie Xu

The number and dynamic nature of web and mobile applications presents significant challenges for assessing their compliance with data protection laws. In this context, symbolic and statistical Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 David Rodriguez , Ian Yang , Jose M. Del Alamo , Norman Sadeh

The substantial investment required to develop Large Language Models (LLMs) makes them valuable intellectual property, raising significant concerns about copyright protection. LLM fingerprinting has emerged as a key technique to address…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Shuo Shao , Yiming Li , Hongwei Yao , Yifei Chen , Yuchen Yang , Zhan Qin

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language understanding and generation, leading to extensive benchmarking across diverse tasks. However, cryptanalysis - a critical area for data security and its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Utsav Maskey , Chencheng Zhu , Usman Naseem

Federated Learning (FL) enables training models across decentralized data silos while preserving client data privacy. Recent research has explored efficient methods for post-training large language models (LLMs) within FL to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Tao Guo , Junxiao Wang , Fushuo Huo , Laizhong Cui , Song Guo , Jie Gui , Dacheng Tao

We consider the problem of auditing black-box large language models (LLMs) to ensure they behave reliably when deployed in production settings, particularly in high-stakes domains such as legal, medical, and regulatory compliance. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Paulius Rauba , Qiyao Wei , Mihaela van der Schaar

While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offer computationally efficient adaptations of Large Language Models (LLMs), their practical deployment often assumes centralized data and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sajjad Ghiasvand , Mahnoosh Alizadeh , Ramtin Pedarsani

Protecting the intellectual property of large language models (LLMs) is a critical challenge due to the proliferation of unauthorized derivative models. We introduce a novel fingerprinting framework that leverages the behavioral patterns…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved robust performance across diverse tasks, but fine-tuning these models for specific domains remains resource-intensive. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yuxuan Zhang , Ruizhe Li

Traditional vulnerability detection methods rely heavily on predefined rule matching, which often fails to capture vulnerabilities accurately. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), leveraging their ability to understand code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xiang Li , Yueci Su , Jiahao Liu , Zhiwei Lin , Yuebing Hou , Peiming Gao , Yuanchao Zhang

Defense in large language models (LLMs) is crucial to counter the numerous attackers exploiting these systems to generate harmful content through manipulated prompts, known as jailbreak attacks. Although many defense strategies have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Bocheng Chen , Hanqing Guo , Qiben Yan

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed human writing by enhancing grammar correction, content expansion, and stylistic refinement. However, their widespread use raises concerns about authorship, originality, and ethics, even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zhen Tao , Zhiyu Li , Runyu Chen , Dinghao Xi , Wei Xu

Federated Learning (FL) has recently been applied to the parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs). While promising, it raises significant challenges due to the heterogeneous resources and data distributions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jiamu Bai , Daoyuan Chen , Bingchen Qian , Liuyi Yao , Yaliang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive success across various tasks. Integrating LLMs with Federated Learning (FL), a paradigm known as FedLLM, offers a promising avenue for collaborative model adaptation while preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yebo Wu , Chunlin Tian , Jingguang Li , He Sun , Kahou Tam , Zhanting Zhou , Haicheng Liao , Jing Xiong , Zhijiang Guo , Li Li , Chengzhong Xu

In this paper, we delve into the advancement of domain-specific Large Language Models (LLMs) with a focus on their application in software development. We introduce DevAssistLlama, a model developed through instruction tuning, to assist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Somnath Banerjee , Avik Dutta , Sayan Layek , Amruit Sahoo , Sam Conrad Joyce , Rima Hazra

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained clients remains a challenging problem. Recent works have fused low-rank adaptation (LoRA) techniques with federated fine-tuning to mitigate challenges associated with client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Wenzhi Fang , Dong-Jun Han , Liangqi Yuan , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Christopher G. Brinton

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Large Language Model (LLM)-generated data is increasingly used in software analytics, but it is unclear how this data compares to human-written data, particularly when models are exposed to adversarial scenarios. Adversarial attacks can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Md. Abdul Awal , Mrigank Rochan , Chanchal K. Roy