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Speeding up development may produce technical debt, i.e., not-quite-right code for which the effort to make it right increases with time as a sort of interest. Developers may be aware of the debt as they admit it in their code comments.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Barbara Russo , Matteo Camilli , Moritz Mock

Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) refers to instances where developers knowingly introduce suboptimal solutions into code and document them, often through textual artifacts. This paper provides a comprehensive state-of-practice report on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Edi Sutoyo , Andrea Capiluppi

In the process of software evolution, developers often sacrifice the long-term code quality to satisfy the short-term goals due to specific reasons, which is called technical debt. In particular, self-admitted technical debt (SATD) refers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Zhaoqiang Guo , Shiran Liu , Jinping Liu , Yanhui Li , Lin Chen , Hongmin Lu , Yuming Zhou , Baowen Xu

Technical Debt is a common issue that arises when short-term gains are prioritized over long-term costs, leading to a degradation in the quality of the code. Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) is a specific type of Technical Debt that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Shima Esfandiari , Ashkan Sami

Technical debt refers to the consequences of sub-optimal decisions made during software development that prioritize short-term benefits over long-term maintainability. Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) is a specific form of technical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou , Jie Tan , Jiakun Liu

Technical debt denotes shortcuts taken during software development, mostly for the sake of expedience. When such shortcuts are admitted explicitly by developers (e.g., writing a TODO/Fixme comment), they are termed as Self-Admitted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou , Lou Somers

Modern software is developed under considerable time pressure, which implies that developers more often than not have to resort to compromises when it comes to code that is well written and code that just does the job. This has led over the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Rungroj Maipradit , Bin Lin , Csaba Nagy , Gabriele Bavota , Michele Lanza , Hideaki Hata , Kenichi Matsumoto

Upon evolving their software, organizations and individual developers have to spend a substantial effort to pay back technical debt, i.e., the fact that software is released in a shape not as good as it should be, e.g., in terms of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Antonio Mastropaolo , Massimiliano Di Penta , Gabriele Bavota

Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) refers to the phenomenon where developers explicitly acknowledge technical debt through comments in the source code. While considerable research has focused on detecting and addressing SATD, its true…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Shaiful Chowdhury , Hisham Kidwai , Muhammad Asaduzzaman

Self-admitted technical debt (SATD) is a particular case of Technical Debt (TD) where developers explicitly acknowledge their sub-optimal implementation decisions. Previous studies mine SATD by searching for specific TD-related terms in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Laerte Xavier , Fabio Ferreira , Rodrigo Brito , Marco Tulio Valente

Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) annotates development decisions that intentionally exchange long-term software artifact quality for short-term goals. Recent work explores the existence of SATD clones (duplicate or near duplicate SATD…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Tao Xiao , Zhili Zeng , Dong Wang , Hideaki Hata , Shane McIntosh , Kenichi Matsumoto

Self-Admitted Technical Debt or SATD can be found in various sources, such as source code comments, commit messages, issue tracking systems, and pull requests. Previous research has established the existence of relations between SATD items…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou

Technical debt, specifically Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD), remains a significant challenge for software developers and managers due to its potential to adversely affect long-term software maintainability. Although various approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou , Maarten van Ittersum

Technical Debt occurs when development teams favour short-term operability over long-term stability. Since this places software maintainability at risk, technical debt requires early attention to avoid paying for accumulated interest. Most…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Abdulaziz Alhefdhi , Hoa Khanh Dam , Yusuf Sulistyo Nugroho , Hideaki Hata , Takashi Ishio , Aditya Ghose

Software security vulnerabilities allow attackers to perform malicious activities to disrupt software operations. Recent Transformer-based language models have significantly advanced vulnerability detection, surpassing the capabilities of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Aidan Z. H. Yang , Haoye Tian , He Ye , Ruben Martins , Claire Le Goues

In software engineering, technical debt, signifying the compromise between short-term expediency and long-term maintainability, is being addressed by researchers through various machine learning approaches. This study seeks to provide a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Eric L. Melin , Nasir U. Eisty

A high imbalance exists between technical debt and non-technical debt source code comments. Such imbalance affects Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) detection performance, and existing literature lacks empirical evidence on the choice of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Murali Sridharan , Mika Mantyla , Leevi Rantala , Maelick Claes

Technical debt refers to taking shortcuts to achieve short-term goals while sacrificing the long-term maintainability and evolvability of software systems. A large part of technical debt is explicitly reported by the developers themselves;…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou

Context. Detecting Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) is crucial for proactive software maintenance. Previous research has primarily targeted detecting and prioritizing SATD, with little focus on the source code afflicted with SATD. Our…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Murali Sridharan , Mikel Robredo , Leevi Rantala , Matteo Esposito , Valentina Lenarduzzi , Mika Mantyla

Self-admitted technical debt (SATD) refers to technical debt that is intentionally introduced by developers and explicitly documented in code comments or other software artifacts (e.g., issue reports) to annotate sub-optimal decisions made…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Jerin Yasmin , Mohammad Sadegh Sheikhaei , Yuan Tian